{"id":6068,"date":"2017-11-05T16:42:07","date_gmt":"2017-11-05T21:42:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/?p=6068"},"modified":"2017-11-03T16:49:07","modified_gmt":"2017-11-03T20:49:07","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%be%86%e8%97%8f%e6%b1%ba%e5%ae%9a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/?p=6068","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u6c7a\u5b9a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\uff08\u539f\u6587\u6536\u300a\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u4e8c\u8ae6\u898b\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u8ac7\u932b\u6c38<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u300c\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u300d\u3008tath\u0101gatagarbha\u3009\u601d\u60f3\u70ba\u4f5b\u5bb6\u751a\u6df1\u6559\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7cfb\u5217\u7d93\u8ad6\u4e00\u76f4\u5f37\u8abf\u5176\u96e3\u4ee5\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u4e14\u4e00\u518d\u8b66\u544a\u8ab9\u64a5\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u904e\u5931\u751a\u5927\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd1\u6578\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u679c\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u5426\u5b9a\u8207\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u4e86\u4f5b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u672b\u6cd5\u6642\u4ee3\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u969b\u9047\u7684\u9810\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u767c\u7aef\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u7531\u5c0d\u300a\u5927\u4e58\u8d77\u4fe1\u8ad6\u300b\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u300a\u8d77\u4fe1\u300b\u4ee5\u300c\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e8c\u9580\u300d\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u9042\u7531\u7591\u5176\u70ba\u507d\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u6ce2\u53ca\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u5f15\u8d77\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u5728\u6f22\u571f\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u5c0d\u83ef\u56b4\u5929\u53f0\u5169\u5b97\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8fd1\u5e74\uff0c\u6b64\u5426\u5b9a\u4f9d\u7136\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e4b\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u6b64\u5982\u97d3\u93e1\u6e05\u5148\u751f\u5728\u300a\u6148\u6c0f\u5b78\u4e5d\u7a2e\u8b6f\u8457\u300b\u7684\u3008\u5167\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981\u3009\uff0c\u4e00\u767c\u7aef\u5373\u6307\u8cac\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u6642\u5c46\u672b\u6cd5\uff0c\u90aa\u8aaa\u8702\u8d77\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5c07\u6e05\u6de8\u6cd5\u754c\u7b49\u6d41\u4e4b\u7518\u9732\u6519\u96dc\u6211\u898b\u6bd2\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4f9d\u820a\u6210\u70ba\u8ff7\u4fe1\u795e\u6211\u6216\u672c\u9ad4\u4e4b\u4e16\u9593\u985b\u5012\u8f2a\u8f49\u6232\u8ad6\uff0c\u9060\u9694\u65bc\u51fa\u96e2\uff0c\u6c88\u6dea\u65bc\u751f\u6b7b\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u662f\u5f88\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6307\u8cac\u3002\u4ed6\u96a8\u5373\u91dd\u5c0d\u83ef\u56b4\u5b97\u7684\u300c\u771f\u5982\u7de3\u8d77\u300d\u8aaa\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\u771f\u5982\u672c\u662f\u7121\u70ba\u6cd5\uff0c\u537b\u4ee4\u4e4b\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u53d7\u718f\u300d\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u7de3\u8d77\u300d\u611a\u592b\u60e1\u6fc1\u4e16\u754c\uff1b\u628a\u771f\u5982\u6df7\u540c\u65bc\u7121\u660e\uff0c\u6df7\u540c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u800c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u70ba\u602a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u6307\u8cac\u5373\u662f\u7531\u5426\u5b9a\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7684\u300c\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e8c\u9580\u300d\uff0c\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u83ef\u56b4\u5b97\u7684\u57fa\u65bc\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6559\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u8ddf\u540c\u5c6c\u552f\u8b58\u4eca\u5b78\u7684\u652f\u90a3\u5167\u5b78\u9662\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5167\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u96d6\u7136\u5426\u5b9a\u300a\u8d77\u4fe1\u300b\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u537b\u63a8\u5d07\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u6b64\u5982\u5442\u6f82\u8aaa\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7fa9\uff0c\u975e\u300a\u695e\u4f3d\u300b\u7368\u5021\uff0c\u81ea\u4f5b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u8aaa\uff0c\u7121\u7d93\u4e0d\u8f09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u7570\u9580\u7acb\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7a7a\u3001\u7121\u751f\u3001\u7121\u4e8c\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7121\u81ea\u6027\u76f8\uff0c\u5982\u662f\u7b49\u540d\u8207\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7fa9\u539f\u7121\u5dee\u5225\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u5247\u4f55\u4ee5\u7531\u5442\u6f82\u9019\u4e00\u4ee3\u5b78\u8005\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u97d3\u93e1\u6e05\u9019\u4e00\u4ee3\uff0c\u89c0\u9ede\u4e0a\u7adf\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u5373\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5442\u6f82\u9019\u4e00\u4ee3\u5c1a\u80fd\u5ba2\u89c0\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5176\u5f8c\u7e7c\u8005\u5df2\u56e0\u300a\u8d77\u4fe1\u300b\u7684\u8fa8\u507d\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c0d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u5df2\u5931\u53bb\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u89c0\u5b78\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b64\u5982\u6d3b\u8e8d\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5370\u9806\u6cd5\u5e2b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e09\u7cfb\u5224\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u5224\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u70ba\u300c\u771f\u5e38\u552f\u5fc3\u300d\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u5c0d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u771f\u5e38\u552f\u5fc3\u8ad6\u300d\u4ee5\u771f\u3001\u5e38\u3001\u6de8\u70ba\u4e00\u5207\u4e4b\u672c\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u7acb\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e4b\u4e8c\u5143\u3002\u4e00\u3001\u6e05\u6de8\u771f\u5fc3\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u96dc\u67d3\u5984\u7fd2\u3002\u771f\u5e38\u6de8\u4e43\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u4f9d\u4e4b\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4f9d\u7167\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4ed6\u4fbf\u65b7\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f86\u85cftath\u0101gata-garbha\u662ftath\u0101gata\u8207garbha\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u8a9e\uff0c\u6df5\u6e90\u65bc\u5370\u5ea6\u795e\u6559\u7684\u795e\u5b78\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u61f7\u7591\u7684\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4f9d\u7740\u9019\u601d\u8def\u5f15\u4f38\uff0c\u5370\u9806\u4e26\u6f88\u5e95\u5426\u5b9a\u5929\u53f0\u5b97\u7684\u300c\u4e09\u8ae6\u300d\uff08\u5929\u53f0\u667a\u8005\u5927\u5e2b\u6240\u5021\u7684\u300c\u5373\u7a7a\u3001\u5373\u5047\u3001\u5373\u4e2d\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u96a8\u6587\u8aaa\u83ef\u56b4\u5bb6\u7a7f\u947f\u9644\u6703\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u8cac\u5929\u53f0\u5b97\u70ba\u300c\u771f\u662f\u6b3a\u76e1\u5929\u4e0b\u4eba\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f8c\u4f86\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u5148\u751f\u96d6\u6709\u99c1\u8ad6\uff0c\u8aaa\u300c\u5929\u53f0\u5bb6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6b3a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e43\u5370\u9806\u6b3a\u4eba\u4e5f\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u4ed6\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u537b\u4e0d\u53d7\u53f0\u7063\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u5169\u5730\u7684\u5b78\u4eba\u91cd\u8996\uff1b\u53f0\u6e2f\u5169\u5730\u7684\u53f0\u56b4\u4e8c\u5b97\u9053\u5872\u4ea6\u5c0a\u5370\u9806\u6cd5\u5e2b\u70ba\u8006\u5bbf\uff0c\u6b64\u771f\u53ef\u8b02\u4f9d\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u662f\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u5373\u6df1\u53d7\u4e2d\u89c0\u5b78\u4eba\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5176\u70ba\u5177\u795e\u6211\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u5916\u9053\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u975e\u4f5b\u6559\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u98a8\u6e67\u800c\u8d77\u7684\u6279\u5224\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u570b\u969b\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u5247\u70ba\u65e5\u672c\u5169\u4f4d\u6559\u6388\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8ad6\u64da\uff0c\u662f\u8996\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u8207\u7de3\u8d77\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e2d\u50c5\u80fd\u80af\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u82e5\u80af\u5b9a\u7de3\u8d77\u5373\u975e\u5426\u5b9a\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u65b7\uff0c\u5c64\u9762\u5176\u5be6\u9084\u4e0d\u5982\u5370\u9806\u4e4b\u6df1\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u570b\u969b\u5e74\u9752\u5b78\u4eba\u537b\u5f71\u97ff\u751a\u5927\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e0d\u60f3\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u89ba\u5f97\u82e5\u80fd\u8aaa\u660e\u9f8d\u6a39\u300c\u56db\u91cd\u7de3\u8d77\u300d\u7684\u751a\u6df1\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u8ddf\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5247\u5176\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5df2\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u8ac7\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u4e4b\u300c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u300d\uff0c\u4e43\u4f9d\u4f5b\u5bb6\u89c0\u4fee\u7cfb\u7d71\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u89c0\u4fee\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u6b21\u7b2c \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u6289\u64c7\u3000\u2192\u3000\u89c0\u4fee\u3000\u2192\u3000\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3000\u2192\u3000\u73fe\u8b49<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5373\u4f9d\u805e\u601d\u4f5c\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f9d\u4e0a\u5e2b\u6240\u50b3\u7684\u5100\u8ecc\u53ca\u6559\u6388\u4f5c\u89c0\u4fee\uff0c\u65bc\u89c0\u4fee\u6642\u5982\u7406\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u89c0\u4fee\u5883\u754c\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u4e00\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u4f9d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u800c\u5f97\u73fe\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u4e91\u300c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u300d\uff0c\u82e5\u4f9d\u56db\u91cd\u7de3\u8d77\u70ba\u6289\u64c7\u4f5c\u56db\u91cd\u89c0\u4fee\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u5f97\u56db\u91cd\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8ac7\uff0c\u4f9d\u7a76\u7adf\u6c7a\u5b9a\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u7a76\u7adf\u6c7a\u5b9a\u59cb\u80fd\u5982\u5be6\u901a\u9054\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7684\u7a76\u7adf\u7fa9\u3002\u7576\u8b80\u8005\u80fd\u77e5\u552f\u6b64\u7a76\u7adf\u7fa9\u59cb\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7de3\u8d77\u3001\u6cd5\u754c\u7121\u76e1\u7de3\u8d77\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u5373\u7576\u4e0d\u66f4\u5426\u5b9a\u83ef\u56b4\u3001\u4e0d\u8996\u4e4b\u70ba\u90aa\u8aaa\uff1b\u7576\u8b80\u8005\u80fd\u77e5\u6b64\u7a76\u7adf\u7fa9\u5be6\u4f9d\u667a\u8b58\u96d9\u904b\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u5373\u7576\u4fe1\u670d\u5929\u53f0\u667a\u8005\u6240\u65bd\u8a2d\u7684\u300c\u4e09\u8ae6\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u81f4\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u9055\u80cc\u4f5b\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u4e8c\u8ae6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u4f86\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5148\u5f9e\u667a\u8b58\u96d9\u904b\u5883\u8aaa\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3000\u667a\u8207\u8b58\u96d9\u904b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u300b\uff08<em>La\u00f4k\u0101vat\u0101ra-s\u016btra<\/em>\uff09\u8aaa\u591c\u53c9\u738b\u7f85\u5a46\u90a3\uff08R\u0101va\u0145a\uff09\u980c\u4f5b\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u980c\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u904e\u53bb\u8af8\u4f5b\u66fe\u7a31\u8b7d\u3000\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u6240\u81ea\u8b49<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b64\u70ba\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u667a\u5883\u3000\u4e0d\u898b\u5176\u9918\u6559\u6cd5\u4e2d<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5373\u660e\u904e\u53bb\u8af8\u4f5b\u66fe\u8aaa\u300c\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u8056\u667a\u300d\uff08praty\u0101tma-\u0101rya-j\u00f1\u0101na\uff09\uff0c\u6089\u540d\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u300b\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u91cb\u8fe6\u6b64\u6b21\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u57ce\uff0c\u6240\u8aaa\u4ea6\u70ba\u300c\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u6cd5\u300d\uff08praty\u0101tma-dharma\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u96c6\u81ea\u7136\u4ea6\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f55\u8b02\u300c\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u8056\u667a\u300d\uff1f\u91cb\u8fe6\u65bc\u7d93\u4e2d\u8aaa\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b64\u96e2\u5916\u9053\u91cf\u667a\uff0c\u53ca\u8072\u805e\u8207\u7de3\u89ba\u8b58\u5883<\/strong>\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u96e2\u8b58\u6240\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u91cf\u667a\u8207\u8b58\u5883\u3002\u4ea6\u53ef\u5f15\u4f38\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u51e1\u672a\u96e2\u8b58\u8005\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u80fd\u5206\u5225\u8b58\u6291\u6216\u6240\u5206\u5225\u5883\uff0c\u7686\u4e0d\u5f97\u7a31\u70ba\u8056\u667a\u5883\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cb\u8fe6\u6f14\u8aaa\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u300b\uff0c\u65bd\u8a2d\u300c\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u85cf\u8b58\u300d\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u65bd\u8a2d\u4ecd\u5c6c\u65bc\u8b58\u5883\u7684\u540d\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u8868\u9054\u672c\u96e2\u65bc\u8b58\u7684\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u8056\u667a\u3002\u6b64\u5247\u8aaa\u70ba\u300c\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u8da3\u5883\u300d\uff08praty\u0101tma- gati-gocara\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u6545\u7f85\u5a46\u90a3\u8acb\u5927\u6167\u83e9\u85a9\u554f\u4f5b\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u980c\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6c5d\u70ba\u5411\u4f5b\u8acb\u6cd5\u8005\u3000\u8acb\u8aaa\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u8da3\u5883<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u8207\u591c\u53c9\u53ca\u4f5b\u5b50\u3000\u4ee5\u6b64\u5411\u6c5d\u4f5c\u52f8\u8acb<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u8da3\u5883\u300d\uff0c\u4fbf\u5373\u662f\u667a\u8207\u8b58\u96d9\u904b\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u5883\u754c\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u5982\u9f8d\u6a39\uff08N\u0101g\u0101rjuna\uff09\u65bc\u300a\u6cd5\u754c\u8b9a\u300b\uff08<em>Dharmadh\u0101tustava<\/em>\uff09\u6240\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8a66\u89c0\u5fc3\u8b58\u6709\u4e8c\u9762\u3000\u4e16\u9593\u4ee5\u53ca\u51fa\u4e16\u9593<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u57f7\u70ba\u6211\u6cd5\u6210\u8f2a\u5efb\u3000\u70ba\u81ea\u8b49\u667a\u5247\u70ba\u5982<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u53c8\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7169\u60f1\u6240\u7e8f\u672c\u89ba\u667a\u3000\u65bc\u4e00\u8eab\u4e2d\u540c\u5f97\u898b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u8005\u552f\u53d6\u667a\u3000\u800c\u7559\u7121\u660e\u65bc\u5176\u5916<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8b02\u5fc3\u8b58\u6709\u4e8c\u9762\uff0c\u975e\u8b02\u5176\u622a\u7136\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u4e8c\uff0c\u5be6\u5373\u6307\u5fc3\u8b58\u5177\u5b58\u672c\u89ba\u667a\u8207\u7169\u60f1\u7e8f\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u96d9\u904b\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5247\u8aaa\u70ba\u4e8c\u9762\u3002\u300a\u5927\u4e58\u8d77\u4fe1\u8ad6\u300b\u4e4b\u5efa\u7acb\u300c\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e8c\u9580\u300d\uff0c\u5be6\u540c\u9f8d\u6a39\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8cac\u300a\u8d77\u4fe1\u300b\u5c07\u771f\u5982\u8207\u7121\u660e\u6df7\u540c\uff0c\u4ea6\u61c9\u7576\u540c\u6642\u6307\u8cac\u9f8d\u6a39\uff0c\u4e14\u5426\u5b9a\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u6cd5\u754c\u8b9a\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u95dc\u8ad6\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u8207\u7169\u60f1\u7e8f\u300c\u65bc\u4e00\u8eab\u4e2d\u540c\u5f97\u898b\u300d\u7684\u672c\u89ba\u667a\uff0c\u5373\u4f5b\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u667a\uff0c\u4ea6\u540d\u70ba\u6cd5\u8eab\u3002\u9f8d\u6a39\u8aaa\u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u7121\u660e\u6cd5\u3000\u6210\u4e09\u60e1\u8da3\u4e16\u9593\u679c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u60c5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3000\u65bc\u6b64\u6cd5\u754c\u6211\u8b9a\u79ae<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ee5\u6210\u4e00\u5207\u8f2a\u5efb\u56e0\u3000\u7531\u9053\u6b21\u7b2c\u5f97\u6e05\u6de8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6240\u8b02\u6e05\u6de8\u5373\u6e7c\u69c3\u3000\u6b64\u4ea6\u6070\u6070\u70ba\u6cd5\u8eab<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5373\u8b02\u80fd\u6e05\u6de8\u4e00\u5207\u8f2a\u5efb\u56e0\u5373\u70ba\u6e7c\u69c3\uff0c\u6e7c\u69c3\u7531\u8b49\u672c\u89ba\u667a\u800c\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u6545\u77e5\u672c\u89ba\u667a\u5373\u53ef\u540d\u70ba\u6cd5\u8eab\uff0c\u662f\u4ea6\u8b02\u8eab\u667a\u7121\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u60c5\u76f8\u7e8c\u4e2d\u5177\u8db3\u6cd5\u8eab\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u5468\u904d\u6cd5\u8eab\u4e26\u975e\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f5b\u65bc\u8b49\u672c\u89ba\u667a\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u7121\u9593\u800c\u8d77\u5f8c\u5f97\u667a\u3002\u672c\u89ba\u667a\u8207\u5f8c\u5f97\u667a\u6046\u6642\u96d9\u904b\uff0c\u6b64\u5883\u754c\u4fbf\u5373\u662f\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u500b\u672c\u9ad4\uff0c\u7d14\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5883\u754c\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f86\u85cf \u2500\u2500 \u4f5b\u7684\u6cd5\u8eab\uff08\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u667a\u5883\u754c\uff09\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u8207\u8a00\u8a6e\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u52a0\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u6b64\u667a\u5883\u4fbf\u7acb\u523b\u6210\u70ba\u4e16\u9593\u540d\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u5373\u6210\u70ba\u8b58\u5883\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u667a\u5883\u7684\u5be6\u76f8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8aaa\uff0c\u667a\u5883\u552f\u85c9\u8b58\u5883\u800c\u6210\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4f5b\u5167\u8b49\u8da3\u5883\uff08\u516d\u8da3\u5883\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u65bd\u8a2d\u540d\u8a00\u70ba\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u70ba\u5982\u4f86\u7a2e\u59d3\u3002\u5176\u8207\u4f5b\u5167\u8b49\u667a\u5883\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u70ba\uff1a\u667a\u5883\u4e0d\u6210\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u843d\u540d\u8a00\uff1b\u8da3\u5883\u5247\u6210\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u552f\u537b\u843d\u65bc\u540d\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5b\u8207\u51e1\u592b\u540c\u6a23\u898b\u5230\u60c5\u5668\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u8005\u5247\u5728\u65bc\u51e1\u592b\u56e0\u986f\u73fe\u800c\u8d77\u4eba\u6211\u3001\u6cd5\u6211\u7684\u57f7\u7740\uff0c\u5c07\u4e4b\u5efa\u7acb\u70ba\u771f\u5be6\uff0c\u800c\u4f5b\u5247\u5982\u898b\u93e1\u4e2d\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u77e5\u4e00\u5207\u986f\u73fe\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u5176\u986f\u73fe\u800c\u6210\u771f\u5be6\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5be6\uff0c\u5247\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u9808\u4f9d\u7de3\u8d77\u59cb\u80fd\u6210\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u4e14\u5be6\u672a\u96e2\u7570\u65bc\u667a\u5883\uff0c\u5982\u93e1\u5f71\u672a\u96e2\u65bc\u93e1\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u4e4b\u70ba\u5177\u8db3\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u6210\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65bc\u751a\u6df1\u7de3\u8d77\u6cd5\uff08\u76f8\u7919\u7de3\u8d77\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u80fd\u6210\u8b58\u5883\u986f\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7de3\u5373\u662f\u6cd5\u754c\u5177\u8db3\u751f\u6a5f\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u540d\u70ba\u963f\u9640\u90a3\uff08\u0101d\u0101na\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u89e3\u91cb\u963f\u9640\u90a3\uff0c\u90fd\u64da\u300a\u89e3\u6df1\u5bc6\u7d93\u300b\uff08<em>Sa\u1e43dhinirmocana-s\u016btra<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u9996\u8457\u540d\u5048\u980c\uff0c\u8aaa\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u963f\u9640\u90a3\u8b58\u751a\u6df1\u7d30\u3000\u6211\u65bc\u51e1\u611a\u4e0d\u958b\u6f14<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u5207\u7a2e\u5b50\u5982\u7011\u6d41\u3000\u6050\u5f7c\u5206\u5225\u57f7\u70ba\u6211<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u6df1\u7d30\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u300c\u4e00\u5207\u7a2e\u5b50\u5982\u7011\u6d41\u300d\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5373\u662f\u5225\u5225\u6709\u60c5\u5404\u6240\u81ea\u5177\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\uff0c\u4ea6\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u6613\u88ab\u51e1\u611a\u5c07\u4e4b\u57f7\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u529b\u4e26\u975e\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5468\u904d\u6cd5\u754c\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u751f\u6a5f<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>\uff0c\u6b64\u751f\u6a5f\u4e0d\u55ae\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u60c5\u5668\u4e16\u9593\uff0c\u6291\u4e14\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u77e5\u898b\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e16\u9593\u3002\u65bc\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u7684\u9053\u540d\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u5c07\u4e4b\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u73fe\u5206\u300d\uff08snang ba\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u73fe\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u4f5b\u800c\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u70ba\u5927\u60b2\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u8b02\u6cd5\u754c\u5177\u8db3\u5927\u60b2\u6545\uff0c\u60c5\u5668\u4e16\u9593\u59cb\u6210\u751f\u8d77\uff1b\u5c31\u6709\u60c5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5247\u65bd\u8a2d\u540d\u8a00\u70ba\u5927\u6a02\uff0c\u6b64\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u70ba\u6839\u672c\u5927\u6a02\u3002\u6b64\u4e43\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u8d77\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u96d6\u70ba\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u537b\u975e\u7531\u4f5c\u610f\u3002\u5982\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u300b\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u65e5\u5149\u6708\u5149\u8207\u71c8\u5149\u3000\u56db\u5927\u7a2e\u53ca\u6469\u5c3c\u5bf6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5404\u8d77\u529f\u80fd\u7121\u5206\u5225\u3000\u4f5b\u6027\u4ea6\u7136\u81ea\u8d77\u7528<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8b58\u5883\u96d6\u7136\u56e0\u4f5b\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\uff08\u5177\u8db3\u73fe\u5206\uff09\u800c\u80fd\u96a8\u7de3\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u96e2\u6cd5\u8eab\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u5373\u53ef\u540d\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u73fe\u7a7a\u300d\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u4f5b\u5167\u8b49\u667a\uff08\u6cd5\u8eab\uff09\u8207\u5f8c\u5f97\u667a\uff08\u8b58\u5883\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff09\u7684\u96d9\u904b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e91\u4f55\u96d9\u904b\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u8b02\u667a\u5883\u96d6\u542b\u85cf\u8b58\u5883\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u552f\u537b\u672a\u56e0\u4e4b\u800c\u6210\u6c61\u67d3\uff1b\u8b58\u5883\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\u96d6\u843d\u65bc\u751f\u6ec5\u3001\u6709\u7121\u4e4b\u80fd\u6240\u4e8c\u53d6\u908a\u969b\uff0c\u552f\u537b\u5be6\u672a\u96e2\u6cd5\u8eab\uff0c\u662f\u5373\u7121\u96e2\u7121\u5408\uff0c\u8b02\u70ba\u96d9\u904b\u3002\u6b64\u5982\u624b\u6709\u624b\u638c\u8207\u624b\u80cc\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5373\u70ba\u7121\u96e2\u7121\u5408\u7684\u96d9\u904b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd1\u4ee3\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\u5927\u5b78\u8005\u6587\u6b8a\u52dd\u6d77\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\uff08Mi pham rgya mtsho, 1846-1912\uff09\u65bc\u300a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5bf6\u71c8\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u980c\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u662f\u6545\u986f\u73fe\u8207\u7a7a\u6027\u3000\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u96e2\u800c\u504f\u8892<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b64\u4e8c\u5be6\u70ba\u7121\u5206\u5225\u3000\u5982\u662f\u5373\u540d\u70ba\u96d9\u904b<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u5373\u77e5\u5728\u540d\u8a00\u4e0a\uff0c\u300c\u6cd5\u8eab\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u300d\u65bc\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u3002\u7576\u552f\u8aaa\u4f5b\u5167\u8b49\u667a\u6642\uff0c\u6b64\u5883\u754c\u7a31\u70ba\u6cd5\u8eab\uff1b\u7576\u8aaa\u6cd5\u8eab\u53ca\u5176\u529f\u5fb7\u96d9\u904b\u6642\uff0c\u6b64\u5883\u5247\u7a31\u70ba\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u975e\u662f\u5982\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u70ba\u5982\u4f86\u7a2e\u59d3\u6545\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f9d\u6b64\u5373\u53ef\u77e5\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u5be6\u975e\u5982\u5370\u9806\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u70ba\u300c\u6e05\u6de8\u771f\u5fc3\u300d\u8207\u300c\u96dc\u67d3\u5984\u7fd2\u300d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u6b64\u4e2d\u7121\u6709\u4e8c\u5143\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cd5\u8eab\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u529f\u5fb7\u4e0d\u53ef\u5efa\u7acb\u70ba\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u4e00\u5982\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u8aaa\u70ba\u8207\u5176\u4e8b\u529f\u5c0d\u7acb\u800c\u6210\u4e8c\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9f8d\u6a39\u65bc\u300a\u6cd5\u754c\u8b9a\u300b\u6709\u980c\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b64\u5982\u4eba\u65bc\u6de8\u6c34\u76c6\u3000\u65e5\u6708\u661f\u8fb0\u73fe\u5012\u5f71<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u662f\u5176\u5f62\u53ca\u9ad4\u6027\u3000\u662f\u7686\u5713\u6eff\u6210\u6295\u5c04<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\"><strong>[<\/strong>20]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5373\u55bb\u8b58\u5883\u4ee5\u667a\u5883\u70ba\u57fa\u6210\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u986f\u73fe\u7121\u4e0d\u5713\u6eff\uff08\u5713\u6210\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u537b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u5012\u5f71\u8207\u6de8\u6c34\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f9d\u6b64\u4ea6\u77e5\u300c\u771f\u5982\u7de3\u8d77\u300d\uff08\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7de3\u8d77\uff09\u4e4b\u7406\u3002\u8aaa\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u70ba\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u975e\u5982\u97d3\u93e1\u6e05\u5148\u751f\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u771f\u5982\u6df7\u540c\u65bc\u7121\u660e\u3001\u6df7\u540c\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u4f86\u6cd5\u8eab\u8207\u5176\u529f\u5fb7\u4e26\u975e\u6df7\u540c\uff0c\u6de8\u6c34\u8207\u5176\u5012\u5f71\u4ea6\u975e\u6df7\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b58\u5883\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\u7121\u975e\u4f9d\u6cd5\u8eab\u70ba\u57fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cd5\u8eab\u529f\u5fb7\u70ba\u56e0\uff0c\u5982\u662f\u96a8\u7de3\u800c\u6210\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u662f\u5373\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7de3\u8d77\u4e4b\u7406\uff0c\u6b64\u4ea6\u5373\u9f8d\u6a39\u300a\u4e2d\u8ad6\u2027\u89c0\u56db\u8ae6\u54c1\u300b\u6240\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ee5\u6709\u7a7a\u7fa9\u6545\u3000\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u5f97\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u82e5\u7121\u7a7a\u7fa9\u8005\u3000\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6210<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5373\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u4f9d\u65bc\u7a7a\u6027\u57fa\u800c\u6210\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u6b64\u4ea6\u975e\u5c07\u7a7a\u8207\u7121\u660e\u6df7\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u6df7\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8aaa\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u70ba\u7a7a\u6027\u3002\u7531\u662f\u5982\u4f86\u6cd5\u8eab\u8207\u6cd5\u8eab\u529f\u5fb7\u96d9\u904b\uff0c\u59cb\u80fd\u8aaa\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u7121\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u7121\u751f\u3002\u9f8d\u6a39\u65bc\u300a\u4e2d\u8ad6\u2027\u89c0\u5982\u4f86\u54c1\u300b\u6709\u980c\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f86\u6240\u6709\u6027\u3000\u5373\u662f\u4e16\u9593\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f86\u7121\u6709\u6027\u3000\u4e16\u9593\u4ea6\u7121\u6027<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\"><strong>[<\/strong>22]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u8a00\u4e16\u9593\u6027\u5373\u5982\u4f86\u6027\uff08\u8b58\u5883\u6027\u5373\u4f5b\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u667a\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u4f86\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f9d\u4e16\u9593\u540d\u8a00\u65bd\u8a2d\uff0c\u662f\u7121\u6709\u6027\uff0c\u4e16\u9593\u7531\u662f\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f9d\u540d\u8a00\u53d6\u7fa9\u800c\u8aaa\u4e4b\u70ba\u81ea\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u6545\u77e5\u552f\u80fd\u901a\u9054\u667a\u8207\u8b58\u4e4b\u96d9\u904b\u5883\uff08\u73fe\u7a7a\uff09\uff0c\u59cb\u80fd\u901a\u9054\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u6839\u672c\u7fa9\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u77e5\u6b64\uff0c\u5c07\u6cd5\u8eab\u8207\u4e16\u9593\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u8996\u70ba\u6de8\u67d3\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u8996\u70ba\u6de8\u67d3\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u5247\u552f\u80fd\u5c07\u300c\u73fe\u300d\u8aaa\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u7a7a\u300d\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee5\u4e4b\u70ba\u52dd\u7fa9\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4ee5\u540d\u8a00\u6709\u70ba\u4e16\u4fd7\uff0c\u9042\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u4e8c\u8ae6\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u89e3\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e14\u4ea6\u4e0d\u89e3\u9f8d\u6a39\u7684\u7de3\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3000\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u8207\u7de3\u8d77<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u5207\u8b58\u5883\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff08\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff09\u4f9d\u65bc\u6cd5\u8eab\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u8aaa\u70ba\u4f9d\u65bc\u667a\u6cd5\u8eab\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u8aaa\u70ba\u4f9d\u65bc\u672c\u521d\u6e05\u6de8\u7684\u672c\u59cb\u57fa\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u8eab\u667a\u754c\u4e09\u7121\u5206\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u6cd5\u8eab\u529f\u5fb7\u7b49\u975e\u70ba\u751f\u56e0\uff0c\u5f7c\u50c5\u70ba\u542b\u85cf\u56e0\u3002\u6b64\u5982\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u65bc\u300a\u7345\u5b50\u543c\u5ee3\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u4e91<a href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a> \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u5207\u7a2e\u667a\uff0c\u65bc\u5168\u90e8\u8f2a\u6e7c\u6cd5\u8207\ufe5d\u667a\ufe5e\u8eab\u6210\u4e00\u5473\u4e4b\u5e73\u7b49\u5883\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7121\u4f5c\u4efb\u904b\u800c\u77e5\u3002\u65bc\u5176\u81ea\u898b\u4e0d\u96e2\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u5927\u6e05\u6de8\u898b\u4e4b\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4ea6\u6b63\u898b\u516d\u8da3\u6709\u60c5\u4e4b\u73fe\u76f8\uff0c\u5f7c\u7b49\ufe5d\u73fe\u76f8\ufe5e\u5373\u5982\u662f\u5404\u5225\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u6b64\u84cb\u7531\u6ec5\u76e1\u80fd\u6240\u4e8c\u53d6\u986f\u73fe\u4e00\u5207\u969c\u7919\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f9d\u53d7\u542b\u85cf\u65bc\u6cd5\u6027\u754c\u70ba\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u5f97\u65bc\u7121\u96dc\u76f8\u4e2d\u5713\u6eff\u6210\u4e8b\u3002\u65bc\u6642\u9060\u96e2\u751f\u6ec5\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u4e00\u5473\u4e4b\u667a\u5373\u80fd\u81ea\u7136\u7167\u898b\ufe5d\u6b64\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u6cd5\ufe5e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u8aaa\u6839\u672c\u667a\u7121\u9593\u800c\u8d77\u5f8c\u5f97\u667a\uff0c\u662f\u8b02\u4e00\u5207\u7a2e\u667a\uff0c\u65bc\u4e2d\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u300c\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u6cd5\u4f9d\u53d7\u542b\u85cf\u65bc\u6cd5\u6027\u754c\u70ba\u6839\u672c\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u4e91\u6cd5\u754c\u70ba\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u6cd5\u751f\u8d77\u4e4b\u57fa\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u751f\u8d77\uff0c\u975e\u5982\u7531\u6728\u751f\u706b\u4e4b\u6210\u70ba\u751f\u56e0\uff0c\u50c5\u4ee5\u300c\u542b\u85cf\u300d\u70ba\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5018\u82e5\u843d\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8b58\u5883\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u5730\u7403\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u53ca\u4e00\u5207\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u7684\u542b\u85cf\u56e0\uff0c\u6545\u5730\u7403\u4ea6\u53ef\u65b9\u4fbf\u8aaa\u70ba\u751f\u56e0\uff08\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u8aaa\u70ba\u751f\u7de3\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u542b\u85cf\u56e0\u5373\u57fa\u65bc\u73fe\u7a7a\u96d9\u904b\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9806\u4fbf\u6f84\u6e05\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u65bc\u7121\u4e0a\u5bc6\u7e8c\u4e58\u7684\u89c0\u4fee\u6642\uff0c\u70ba\u89c0\u4fee\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u53ef\u5efa\u7acb\u7ae5\u74f6\u8eab\u5bf6\u6216\u552f\u4e00\u660e\u9ede\u70ba\u542b\u85cf\u56e0\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u5373\u4ee5\u7ae5\u74f6\u8eab\u70ba\u667a\u6cd5\u8eab\u3001\u552f\u4e00\u660e\u9ede\u70ba\u6cd5\u754c\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u53e6\u5916\u5efa\u7acb\u542b\u85cf\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u542b\u85cf\u56e0\uff0c\u8af8\u6cd5\u80fd\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\u800c\u6210\u8b58\u5883\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u6b64\u542b\u85cf\u56e0\u70ba\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u59cb\u5f97\u96a8\u7de3\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\u3002\u6b64\u8655\u6240\u8b02\u96a8\u7de3\uff0c\u6307\u76f8\u7919\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u56db\u91cd\u7de3\u8d77\u4e2d\u7684\u751a\u6df1\u79d8\u5bc6\u7de3\u8d77\u3002\u65bc\u6b64\u7565\u4f5c\u89e3\u8aaa\uff0c\u5176\u8a73\u898b\u65bc\u9918\u8655\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u7919\u7de3\u8d77\u70ba\u56db\u91cd\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5916\u3001\u5167\u3001\u5bc6\u3001\u5bc6\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u521d\uff0c\u5916\u76f8\u7919\u7de3\u8d77\u8aaa\u5916\u5883\u53d7\u76f8\u7919\u800c\u5713\u6210\uff0c\u6b64\u4e91\u76f8\u7919\uff0c\u5373\u5176\u5c40\u9650\u3002\u6b64\u5982\u5149\u53d7\u7919\u5fc5\u53ea\u80fd\u70ba\u5149\u800c\u4e0d\u6210\u8072\uff1b\u8072\u53d7\u7919\u5fc5\u53ea\u80fd\u70ba\u8072\u800c\u4e0d\u6210\u5149\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u91cd\u76f8\u7919\uff0c\u65bc\u53e4\u4ee3\u751a\u96e3\u89e3\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u9f8d\u6a39\u65bc\u300a\u6cd5\u754c\u8b9a\u300b\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u82e5\u65bc\u4e00\u5207\u898b\u8207\u805e\u3000\u55c5\u5473\u89f8\u7b49\u4ee5\u53ca\u60f3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u8005\u5982\u5be6\u77e5\u3000\u8af8\u5999\u529f\u5fb7\u5373\u5713\u6eff<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u4e91\u300c\u5982\u5be6\u77e5\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u4e91\u5982\u5be6\u77e5\u516d\u8b58\u6240\u7de3\u5916\u5883\u4e4b\u76f8\u7919\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee3\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u91cd\u76f8\u7919\u5373\u4e0d\u70ba\u96e3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u8072\u3001\u5149\u3001\u71b1\u7121\u975e\u90fd\u662f\u5177\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6ce2\uff0c\u5176\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\u70ba\u8072\u800c\u4e0d\u70ba\u5149\u3001\u6216\u70ba\u5149\u800c\u4e0d\u70ba\u71b1\uff0c\u7121\u975e\u7686\u7de3\u65bc\u5176\u6ce2\u5e45\u8207\u983b\u7387\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u6240\u898b\u7684\u8272\u5149\uff0c\u65bc\u72ac\u985e\u5247\u6210\u70ba\u6c23\u5473\u8207\u71b1\u529b\uff1b\u72ac\u985e\u6240\u805e\u7684\u8072\uff0c\u6216\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u6beb\u7121\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u76f8\u7919\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7de3\u751f\u7121\u81ea\u6027\u9053\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b21\uff0c\u5167\u76f8\u7919\u7de3\u8d77\u5247\u8aaa\u5167\u5206\u5225\u53d7\u76f8\u7919\u800c\u5713\u6210\uff0c\u5982\u773c\u8b58\u53ea\u80fd\u7de3\u8272\u3001\u8033\u8b58\u53ea\u80fd\u7de3\u8072\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65bc\u300a\u6cd5\u754c\u8b9a\u300b\u6709\u980c\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7576\u8033\u6b63\u7de3\u65bc\u8072\u6642\u3000\u96e2\u5176\u751f\u8655\u800c\u89ba\u77e5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b64\u4e09\u5373\u70ba\u6cd5\u754c\u6027\u3000\u843d\u6232\u8ad6\u5247\u8aaa\u805e\u8072<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5373\u4ee5\u8033\u8b58\u3001\u8072\u3001\u8655\u4e09\u8005\u7686\u843d\u65bc\u76f8\u7919\u7de3\u8d77\u800c\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6545\u70ba\u300c\u6cd5\u754c\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u65bc\u6cd5\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u80fd\u7de3\u65bc\u76f8\u7919\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u70ba\u6709\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5373\u70ba\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u6709\u6cd5\u5373\u6210\u5c31\u96a8\u7de3\u800c\u8d77\u7684\u76f8\uff08\u5fc3\u8b58\u5206\u5225\u76f8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fa9\u6b21\uff0c\u5bc6\u76f8\u7919\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u6b64\u8aaa\u667a\u5883\u8207\u8b58\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u3002\u667a\u5883\u4e2d\u6709\u8b58\u5883\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u8b58\u5883\u4f9d\u65bc\u667a\u5883\u800c\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u4e8c\u8005\u4e0d\u4e00\u4e0d\u7570\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u672a\u80fd\u96e2\u8b58\u89ba\u8005\uff0c\u5247\u8996\u6b64\u70ba\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002\u6545\u300a\u6cd5\u754c\u8b9a\u300b\u4e91\u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u838a\u56b4\u4f4f\u8005\u5177\u529b\u5c0a\u3000\u53ca\u5b8f\u9e97\u8272\u7a76\u7adf\u5929<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9023\u540c\u5fc3\u8b58\u6b64\u4e09\u8005\u3000\u53ef\u5408\u70ba\u4e00\u6211\u6562\u8aaa<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u672a\u719f\u552f\u4f9d\u65bc\u8b58\u89ba\u3000\u8056\u8005\u6545\u70ba\u8aaa\u7570\u9580<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b64\u65bc\u9577\u58fd\u5177\u529b\u8005\u3000\u6210\u70ba\u523c\u7b97\u9577\u7a0b\u56e0<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b88\u8b77\u6709\u60c5\u5916\u754c\u8005\u3000\u4ea6\u6301\u58fd\u91cf\u7121\u6578\u523c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u5176\u5982\u662f\u800c\u70ba\u751f\u3000\u65bc\u4e2d\u6301\u8af8\u6709\u60c5\u6545<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\">[29]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5373\u6b64\u70ba\u56e0\u77e5\u7121\u7d42\u3000\u6545\u5982\u662f\u679c\u4ea6\u7121\u7d42<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b64\u5fae\u5999\u6027\u82e5\u73fe\u8b49\u3000\u6e7c\u69c3\u7834\u66c9\u7de3\u822c\u82e5<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\">[30]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u56db\u980c\uff0c\u5373\u4e91\u4f5b\u8eab\u667a\u754c\u8207\u6709\u60c5\u7684\u6839\u5883\u8b58\u4e0d\u4e00\u4e0d\u7570\uff0c\u6545\u667a\u5883\u7684\u4f5b\u8eab\uff08\u838a\u56b4\u5177\u529b\u5c0a\uff09\u3001\u975e\u8b58\u5883\uff08\u975e\u543e\u4eba\u8b58\u5883\uff09\u7684\u8272\u7a76\u7adf\u5929\uff0c\u8207\u53ca\u5b8c\u5168\u843d\u65bc\u8b58\u5883\u7684\u5fc3\u8b58\uff0c\u53ef\u5408\u7121\u4e00\u3001\u7121\u6709\u5206\u5225\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5c0d\u552f\u4f9d\u65bc\u8b58\u89ba\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f5b\u5247\u4ee5\u6cd5\u7570\u9580\u7acb\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u4f5b\u7684\u8eab\u667a\u754c\u3001\u6709\u5831\u571f\uff08\u975e\u8b58\u5883\uff09\u7684\u8eab\u667a\u754c\u3001\u6709\u5316\u571f\uff08\u8b58\u5883\uff09\u7684\u8eab\u667a\u754c\uff08\u6839\u5883\u8b58\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u843d\u65bc\u6642\u7a7a\u7684\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u4f9d\u8b58\u89ba\u8005\u4ee5\u6642\u5206\u8861\u91cf\u6cd5\u8eab\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u523c\u7b97\uff1b\u4ee5\u7a7a\u9593\u8861\u91cf\u6cd5\u8eab\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u9577\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u82e5\u4f9d\u8b58\u89ba\u4ee5\u8861\u91cf\u300c\u5b88\u8b77\u6709\u60c5\u5916\u754c\u8005\u300d\uff08\u5982\u68b5\u5929\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u4f9d\u6642\u5206\u8996\u4e4b\u70ba\u6046\u5e38\uff08\u6301\u58fd\u91cf\u7121\u6578\u523c\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee5\u5176\u80fd\u6301\u8af8\u6709\u60c5\uff0c\u9042\u8996\u4e4b\u70ba\u6709\u60c5\u7684\u751f\u56e0\uff08\u5982\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u80fd\u901a\u9054\u667a\u5883\u8207\u8b58\u5883\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u4e0d\u7570\uff0c\u901a\u9054\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u6cd5\u5be6\u4f9d\u65bc\u667a\u5883\u7684\u751f\u6a5f\uff08\u6cd5\u8eab\u529f\u5fb7\uff09\u800c\u6210\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u5373\u77e5\u56e0\u679c\u7121\u59cb\u7121\u7d42\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u73fe\u8b49\u822c\u82e5\u800c\u5f97\u6e7c\u69c3\uff0c\u7336\u5982\u7834\u66c9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u70ba\u5bc6\u5bc6\u76f8\u7919\uff0c\u6b64\u8aaa\u6642\u9593\u8207\u65b9\u5206\uff08\u6642\u7a7a\uff09\u3002\u4f5b\u4f9d\u4e00\u5207\u7a2e\u667a\uff0c\u6b63\u898b\u5468\u904d\u4e00\u5207\u6642\u7a7a\u7684\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u6545\u8aaa\u7121\u6642\u65b9\uff08\u6642\u65b9\u7121\u81ea\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u7406\u65bc\u53e4\u4ee3\u751a\u96e3\u89e3\u8aaa\uff0c\u9f8d\u6a39\u65bc\u300a\u4e03\u5341\u7a7a\u6027\u8ad6\u300b\u4ea6\u53ea\u80fd\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u4f4f\u53ca\u76f8\u4f9d\u3000\u8b8a\u7570\u53ca\u7121\u9ad4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7121\u6027\u6545\u4e09\u6642\u3000\u975e\u6709\u552f\u5206\u5225<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\">[31]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u4ee5\u4e94\u91cd\u89c0\u5bdf\u7528\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u300c\u4e09\u6642\u975e\u6709\uff0c\u552f\u662f\u5206\u5225\u300d\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u89c0\u5bdf\u6642\u9593\u4e4b\u4e0d\u4f4f\u3001\u76f8\u4f9d\u3001\u8b8a\u7570\u3001\u7121\u9ad4\u3001\u7121\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee3\uff0c\u7531\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u8207\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8b49\u6210\u6642\u7a7a\u7684\u76f8\u7919\uff0c\u50cf\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u5373\u7919\u65bc\u4e09\u5ea6\u7a7a\u9593\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u9ad4\u3001\u7919\u65bc\u4e00\u5ea6\u6642\u9593\u800c\u6709\u8001\u6b7b\uff0c\u4f46\u6cd5\u8eab\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\u7d76\u975e\u6211\u5011\u6240\u7368\u6709\uff0c\u5f7c\u5468\u904d\u4e00\u5207\u754c\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u7a7a\u7684\u8b58\u5883\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5468\u904d\u800c\u7121\u504f\u8892\uff0c\u6545\u8aaa\u70ba\u5927\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u4f86\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u70ba\u89c0\u4fee\u884c\u4eba\u7684\u56db\u91cd\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u65bc\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u5247\u4f9d\u56db\u91cd\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u8aaa\u70ba\u696d\u56e0\u7de3\u8d77\u3001\u76f8\u4f9d\u7de3\u8d77\u3001\u76f8\u5c0d\u7de3\u8d77\u3001\u76f8\u7919\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u6b64\u4ea6\u5373\u56db\u5927\u6b63\u56e0\uff0c\u4eca\u65bc\u6b64\u672a\u80fd\u7d30\u8aaa\u3002\u7136\u7531\u6b64\u5373\u77e5\uff0c\u771f\u5982\u7de3\u8d77\uff08\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7de3\u8d77\uff09\u5be6\u6709\u5176\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u6b63\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u8207\u7de3\u8d77\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002\u5f7c\u6301\u6b64\u8ad6\u9ede\u8005\uff0c\u552f\u4f9d\u65bc\u8b58\u89ba\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u8b58\u5883\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u751f\u56e0\uff0c\u6545\u8207\u7de3\u8d77\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u9f8d\u6a39\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u66f4\u672a\u77e5\u4e00\u5207\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7d93\u8ad6\u7684\u6df1\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u8005\uff0c\u8b58\u5883\uff08\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u6cd5\uff09\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\u4ee5\u76f8\u7919\uff08\u53d7\u5c40\u9650\uff09\u70ba\u7de3\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u5c31\u5373\u540d\u70ba\u5713\u6210\uff08\u5713\u6eff\u6240\u53d7\u5c40\u9650\u800c\u6210\u7acb\uff09\u6216\u4efb\u904b\uff08\u80fd\u9069\u61c9\u6240\u53d7\u5c40\u9650\u800c\u6210\u7acb\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u300a\u5bc6\u56b4\u7d93\u300b\u4e4b\u6240\u8aaa \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f86\u4ee5\u56e0\u7de3\u3000\u838a\u56b4\u5176\u679c\u9ad4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u96a8\u4e16\u4e4b\u6240\u61c9\u3000\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7686\u660e\u73fe<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn32\" name=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u660e\u8aaa\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u6cd5\uff08\u6cd5\u754c\u838a\u56b4\uff09\u4f9d\u56e0\u7de3\u800c\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u96a8\u7de3\uff08\u300c\u96a8\u4e16\u4e4b\u6240\u61c9\u300d\uff09\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff08\u300c\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7686\u660e\u73fe\u300d\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u4f55\u5f97\u5c07\u4e4b\u5206\u88c2\u70ba\u9055\u53cd\u56e0\u7de3\u7684\u300c\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u96a8\u9806\u56e0\u7de3\u7684\u300c\u7de3\u8d77\u300d\u8036\uff1f\u4eca\u6642\u6b64\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5f97\u4ee5\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u6545\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\u4e00\u8005\u3001\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5b78\u4eba\u672a\u901a\u9054\u81ea\u5b97\u7fa9\u7406\uff0c\u6545\u6613\u65b7\u7ae0\u53d6\u7fa9\u4f9d\u4e00\u5df1\u4e4b\u7406\u89e3\u4ee5\u7acb\u8aaa\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u3001\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5b78\u4eba\u559c\u6a19\u5947\u7acb\u7570\u4ee5\u8073\u4eba\u807d\u805e\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u5f97\u6210\u4e00\u5df1\u4e4b\u65b0\u610f\uff1b\u4e09\u8005\u3001\u805e\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5b78\u4eba\u5df2\u4e0d\u4f5c\u89c0\u4fee\uff0c\u6545\u4e00\u805e\u7acb\u7570\uff0c\u5373\u616b\u7136\u52d5\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e0d\u8b58\u4f9d\u7d93\u8ad6\u4f5c\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u5c0b\u4e14\u76f2\u5f9e\uff0c\u4ee5\u70ba\u80fd\u8d95\u4e0a\u6f6e\u6d41\u3002\u5f7c\u8aaa\u8005\u807d\u8005\u5404\u5f97\u5176\u6240\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\u5373\u53d7\u52d5\u6416\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3000\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u8207\u5341\u4e8c\u6709\u652f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u4e8c\u6709\u652f\uff08\u5341\u4e8c\u7de3\u8d77\uff09\u70ba\u91cb\u8fe6\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u6709\u60c5\u4e4b\u751f\u6b7b\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u74b0\u74b0\u76f8\u6263\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u8f2a\u5efb\u4e4b\u9396\u9375\u3002\u82e5\u4f9d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u6b64\u7b49\u6709\u652f\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u8207\u7de3\u8d77\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u4eca\u5247\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u4ee5\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u70ba\u6839\u672c\u4e4b\u5927\u4e2d\u89c0\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u65e9\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u4e09\u6b63\u7406\uff0c\u4f9d\u4e4b\u5373\u53ef\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u8207\u5341\u4e8c\u6709\u652f\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u4e09\u6b63\u7406\u5ee3\u898b\u65bc\u85cf\u5bc6\u820a\u8b6f\u4e86\u7fa9\u5927\u4e2d\u89c0\u4e4b\u8ad6\u5178\uff0c\u4eca\u552f\u4f9d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5b78\u8005\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u4e4b\u8ad6\u5178\u800c\u8aaa<a href=\"#_ftn33\" name=\"_ftnref33\">[33]<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u660e\u5341\u4e8c\u6709\u652f\u4e4b\u7834\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u6b63\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u70ba\u300c\u771f\u5982\u7121\u5dee\u5225\u300d\u4e4b\u6cd5\u6027\u7406\uff08chos nyid kyi rigs pa\uff09\uff1b\u4e8c\u70ba\u300c\u7531\u679c\u7acb\u56e0\u300d\u4e4b\u76f8\u4f9d\u7406\uff08ltos pa&#8217;i rigs pa\uff09\uff1b\u4e09\u70ba\u300c\u7531\u56e0\u751f\u679c\u300d\u4e4b\u4f5c\u7528\u7406\uff08bya ba byed pa&#8217;i rigs pa\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u300c\u6cd5\u6027\u7406\u300d\u7c21\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u8b02\u5982\u4f86\u6cd5\u8eab\u5468\u904d\uff0c\u6545\u8f2a\u5efb\u6e7c\u69c3\u754c\u90fd\u6210\u4e00\u5473\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u300c\u73fe\u7a7a\u96d9\u904b\u300d\u5883\u754c<a href=\"#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\">[34]<\/a>\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\u667a\u5883\u4e0d\u53d7\u8b58\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u800c\u7121\u8b8a\u6613\u3001\u8b58\u5883\u4e0d\u96e2\u667a\u5883\u800c\u7121\u7570\u96e2\u4e4b\u5883\u754c\u3002\u6cd5\u6027\u7406\u5373\u7528\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u6b64\u5883\u754c\u3002\u4f9d\u6b64\u5373\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u300a\u89e3\u6df1\u5bc6\u7d93\u300b\u4e4b\u6240\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e91\u4f55\u8af8\u6cd5\u5713\u6210\u5be6\u76f8\uff1f\u8b02\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u5e73\u7b49\u771f\u5982\u3002<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\">[35]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u771f\u5982\u300d\u800c\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u5713\u6210\u6545\uff0c\u59cb\u5f97\u5982\u300a\u4e0d\u589e\u4e0d\u6e1b\u7d93\u300b\u4e4b\u6240\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u96e2\u773e\u751f\u754c\u6709\u6cd5\u8eab\u3001\u4e0d\u96e2\u6cd5\u8eab\u6709\u773e\u751f\u754c\uff1b\u773e\u751f\u754c\u5373\u6cd5\u8eab\u3001\u6cd5\u8eab\u5373\u773e\u751f\u754c\u3002<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn36\" name=\"_ftnref36\">[36]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6210\u7acb\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7de3\u8d77\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u6b64\u7406\uff1b\u4f9d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u6210\u7acb\u5341\u4e8c\u6709\u652f\uff0c\u4ea6\u4f9d\u6b64\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u300c\u76f8\u4f9d\u7406\u300d\u8aaa\u70ba\u300c\u7531\u679c\u7acb\u56e0\u300d\uff0c\u9f8d\u6a39\u65bc\u300a\u4e03\u5341\u7a7a\u6027\u8ad6\u300b\u4e2d\u55bb\u70ba\u300c\u6709\u5b50\u59cb\u6709\u7236\u300d\uff0c\u6b64\u70ba\u540d\u8a00\u91cf\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb\u59cb\u5f97\u6210\u540d\u8a00\u986f\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u8eab\u4e2d\u7684\u8b58\u5883\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\u5373\u7b49\u5982\u8b6c\u55bb\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u5b50\u300d\u3001\u6cd5\u8eab\u5883\u754c\u5373\u7b49\u5982\u8b6c\u55bb\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u7236\u300d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6cd5\u8eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u898b\u805e\u601d\uff0c\u6545\u9808\u85c9\u8b58\u5883\u800c\u59cb\u6210\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u7b49\u5982\u300c\u6709\u5b50\u59cb\u6709\u7236\u300d\u3002\u6b64\u73fe\u7a7a\u96d9\u904b\u5883\u5373\u7531\u662f\u800c\u5f97\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u7d93\u4e2d\u5e38\u5c07\u6b64\u96d9\u904b\u5883\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u4e00\u754c\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u300a\u4e0d\u589e\u4e0d\u6e1b\u7d93\u300b\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u5207\u611a\u7661\u51e1\u592b\u4e0d\u5982\u5be6\u77e5\u5f7c\u4e00\u754c\u6545\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5be6\u898b\u5f7c\u4e00\u754c\u6545\uff0c\u8d77\u65bc\u6975\u60e1\u5927\u90aa\u898b\u5fc3\uff0c\u8b02\u773e\u751f\u754c\u589e\u3001\u773e\u751f\u754c\u6e1b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u6b64\u7406\u751a\u70ba\u6df1\u5bc6\uff08\u6545\u9808\u7d93\u56db\u91cd\u7de3\u8d77\u65bc\u5341\u5730\u9053\u4f5c\u89c0\u4fee\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u7d93\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u723e\u6642\u4e16\u5c0a\u544a\u6167\u547d\u820d\u5229\u5f17\u8a00\uff0c\u6b64\uff08\u4e00\u754c\uff09\u751a\u6df1\u7fa9\u4e43\u662f\u5982\u4f86\u667a\u6167\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u5982\u4f86\u5fc3\u6240\u884c\u8655\u3002<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn37\" name=\"_ftnref37\">[37]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8a00\u300c\u667a\u6167\u5883\u754c\u300d\u3001\u8a00\u300c\u5fc3\u6240\u884c\u8655\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u7b49\u5982\u8aaa\u73fe\u7a7a\u96d9\u904b\u4e4b\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u3002\u6545\u7d93\u7e8c\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u751a\u6df1\u7fa9\u8005\u5373\u7b2c\u4e00\u7fa9\u8ae6\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e00\u7fa9\u8ae6\u5373\u773e\u751f\u754c\uff1b\u773e\u751f\u754c\u8005\u5373\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff1b\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u8005\u5373\u662f\u6cd5\u8eab\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u820d\u5229\u5f17\uff0c\u5982\u6211\u6240\u8aaa\u6cd5\u8eab\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u904e\u65bc\u6046\u6c99\u4e0d\u96e2\u3001\u4e0d\u812b\u3001\u4e0d\u65b7\u3001\u4e0d\u7570\u4e0d\u601d\u8b70\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u4f86\u529f\u5fb7\u667a\u6167\u3002<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn38\" name=\"_ftnref38\">[38]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u300c\u4e0d\u96e2\u3001\u4e0d\u812b\u3001\u4e0d\u65b7\u3001\u4e0d\u7570\u300d\u8005\u6709\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e00\u70ba\u4e0d\u601d\u8b70\u4f5b\u6cd5\u3001\u4e00\u70ba\u5982\u4f86\u529f\u5fb7\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5373\u8aaa\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\u7684\u8b58\u5883\uff1b\u5f8c\u8005\u5373\u8aaa\u73fe\u7a7a\u96d9\u904b\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u6709\u4eba\u7591\uff0c\u4f55\u4ee5\u8aaa\u300c\u4e0d\u601d\u8b70\u4f5b\u6cd5\u300d\u70ba\u8b58\u5883\uff1f\u6b64\u5247\u65bc\u7d93\u4e2d\u4ea6\u6709\u55bb\u4ee5\u660e\u4e4b\u3002\u7d93\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u820d\u5229\u5f17\uff0c\u5982\u4e16\u9593\u71c8\uff0c\u6709\u660e\u3001\u8272\u53ca\u89f8\u4e0d\u96e2\u4e0d\u812b\uff1b\u53c8\u5982\u6469\u5c3c\u5bf6\u73e0\u6240\u6709\u660e\u3001\u8272\u3001\u5f62\u76f8\u4e0d\u96e2\u4e0d\u812b\u3002<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn39\" name=\"_ftnref39\">[39]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u660e\u3001\u8272\u7b49\u5373\u55bb\u8b58\u5883\uff0c\u71c8\u53ca\u5bf6\u73e0\u4e4b\u81ea\u8eab\u5373\u55bb\u70ba\u6cd5\u8eab\uff0c\u6545\u77e5\u6b64\u55bb\uff0c\u5373\u55bb\u8b58\u5883\u4e0d\u96e2\u667a\u5883\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u300c\u5982\u4f86\u529f\u5fb7\u667a\u6167\u300d\u4e4b\u70ba\u73fe\u7a7a\u96d9\u904b\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u5df2\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eca\u4e0d\u66f4\u8d05\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u662f\u5373\u77e5\u6709\u60c5\u754c\u65bc\u8b58\u5883\u4e2d\u6210\u7acb\u5341\u4e8c\u6709\u652f\uff0c\u9042\u6210\u8f2a\u5efb\u751f\u6b7b\uff0c\u5be6\u4f9d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u800c\u6210\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u7531\u65bc\u662f\u300c\u7531\u679c\u7acb\u56e0\u300d\uff0c\u6545\u4eba\u4fbf\u53ea\u77e5\u5176\u679c\u4e0d\u77e5\u5176\u56e0\uff1b\u65bc\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u77e5\u76f8\u4f9d\u7406\uff0c\u9042\u5272\u88c2\u6b64\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u4e14\u8996\u4e4b\u70ba\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u300c\u4f5c\u7528\u7406\u300d\u70ba\u300c\u7531\u56e0\u751f\u679c\u300d\u3002\u6cd5\u8eab\u529f\u5fb7\u70ba\u542b\u85cf\u56e0\u6b64\u524d\u5df2\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u4ea6\u6709\u300c\u751f\u300d\u7fa9\uff08\u524d\u5df2\u8209\u55bb\uff0c\u5982\u8b02\u5730\u7403\u751f\u8d77\u4eba\u985e\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5373\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u300c\u7531\u679c\u7acb\u56e0\u300d\u4e4b\u76f8\u4f9d\u7406\u3002\u6b64\u5982\u300a\u4e03\u5341\u7a7a\u6027\u8ad6\u300b\u980c\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7236\u5b50\u4e0d\u76f8\u5373\u3000\u5f7c\u4e8c\u4e0d\u80fd\u96e2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ea6\u5fa9\u975e\u540c\u6642\u3000\u6709\u652f\u4ea6\u5982\u662f<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn40\" name=\"_ftnref40\">[40]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8ad6\u9577\u884c\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7236\u975e\u662f\u5b50\u3001\u5b50\u4ea6\u975e\u7236\uff0c\ufe5d\u552f\u537b\ufe5e\u975e\u80fd\u76f8\u96e2\u800c\u6709\u3002\u5fa9\u975e\u540c\u6642\ufe5d\u7136\u800c\u7236\u5b50\u537b\u975e\u540c\u6642\u6709\ufe5e\uff0c\u77e5\u7236\u5b50\u4e0d\u6210\u3002\u5341\u4e8c\u7de3\u8d77\u7576\u77e5\u4ea6\u723e\u3002<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn41\" name=\"_ftnref41\">[41]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u84cb\u51e1\u76f8\u4f9d\u800c\u6210\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u6210\u7acb\u4e8c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u4e00\u70ba\u4e0d\u7570\u96e2\uff1b\u4e8c\u70ba\u9808\u540c\u6642\u3002\u4ecd\u4ee5\u7236\u5b50\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u7236\u5b50\u4e4b\u540d\u5373\u4e0d\u80fd\u7570\u96e2\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u540c\u6642\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u6b64\u4e8c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u82e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u65bc\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u5247\u300c\u76f8\u4f9d\u6709\u300d\u4fbf\u6210\u70ba\u6709\u5be6\u81ea\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4eca\u5247\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u5be6\u975e\u540c\u6642\u6545\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u53ef\u8aaa\u300c\u76f8\u4f9d\u6709\u300d\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u5be6\u81ea\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7236\u5b50\u975e\u540c\u6642\u751f\u8d77\uff0c\u6b64\u4e43\u4e16\u9593\u5e38\u8b58\uff0c\u4f9d\u7de3\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u7236\u70ba\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b50\u70ba\u679c\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u7236\u5b50\u4e8c\u4eba\u5373\u6210\u56e0\u679c\u4e4b\u76f8\u5c0d\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u4f9d\u5176\u300c\u975e\u540c\u6642\u300d\u800c\u5426\u5b9a\u540d\u8a00\u4e4b\u76f8\u4f9d\u6709\u5177\u5be6\u81ea\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u7a2e\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u9f8d\u6a39\u8aaa\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u70ba\u56e0\u300d\u3002\u5982\u980c\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u96e2\u884c\u7121\u7121\u660e\u3000\u96e2\u7121\u660e\u7121\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5f7c\u4e8c\u4e92\u70ba\u56e0\u3000\u662f\u5373\u7121\u81ea\u6027<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn42\" name=\"_ftnref42\">[42]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u7576\u4ee5\u6cd5\u8eab\u529f\u5fb7\u70ba\u56e0\uff0c\u96a8\u7de3\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\u4e4b\u8b58\u5883\u70ba\u679c\uff0c\u84cb\u82e5\u7121\u5468\u904d\u6cd5\u754c\u4e4b\u6cd5\u8eab\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5247\u8b58\u5883\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u5373\u7531\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u70ba\u56e0\u300d\u53ef\u8aaa\u4e8c\u8005\u7686\u7121\u5be6\u81ea\u6027\u3002\u8b58\u5883\u5373\u7121\u5be6\u81ea\u6027\uff0c\u843d\u65bc\u8b58\u5883\u800c\u65bd\u8a2d\u4e4b\u5341\u4e8c\u6709\u652f\u7576\u7136\u4ea6\u7121\u5be6\u81ea\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e0a\u4f86\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u5373\u77e5\u6b32\u8aaa\u300c\u7de3\u751f\u6027\u7a7a\u300d\uff0c\u5be6\u975e\u4f9d\u6b64\u4e09\u7406\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u5018\u4f46\u8aaa\u76f8\u4f9d\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u70ba\u6027\u7a7a\u3001\u4f46\u8aaa\u4f5c\u7528\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u70ba\u7de3\u751f\uff08\u53ea\u80fd\u8aaa\u70ba\u4e00\u56e0\u751f\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u4e8c\u7406\u5247\u4ee5\u6cd5\u6027\u7406\u70ba\u57fa\u800c\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6545\u4e09\u6b63\u7406\u7f3a\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5373\u9055\u53cd\u9f8d\u6a39\u6559\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u662f\u77e5\u4f9d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7fa9\u7406\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u6b64\u4e09\u7406\uff0c\u5be6\u5373\u5c0d\u300c\u7de3\u751f\u6027\u7a7a\u300d\u4e4b\u6b63\u77e5\u898b\uff0c\u4f55\u5f97\u53cd\u8b02\u5176\u8207\u7de3\u8d77\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u4e14\u4f9d\u9f8d\u9752\u5df4\uff08Klong chen rab &#8216;byams pa, 1308-1363\uff09\u4e4b\u300a\u5999\u4e58\u85cf\u300b\uff08<em>Theg mchog rin po che&#8217;i mdzod<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u8aaa\u5341\u4e8c\u6709\u652f\uff0c\u4ffe\u660e\u820a\u8b6f\u7121\u4e0a\u7e8c\u90e8\uff08\u752f\u746a\u6d3e\uff09\u4e4b\u8aaa\u56e0\u7de3<a href=\"#_ftn43\" name=\"_ftnref43\">[43]<\/a>\u3002\u7136\u70ba\u7701\u7bc7\u5e45\uff0c\u53ea\u8aaa\u300c\u7121\u660e\u300d\u8207\u300c\u884c\u300d\u4e8c\u652f\u4ee5\u70ba\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65bc\u7121\u660e\uff0c\u8aaa\u70ba\u4e09\u7121\u660e\uff0c\u6b64\u5373 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u8005\u3001\u82e5\u5fc3\u8b58\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e86\u77e5\u672c\u59cb\u6e05\u6de8\u4e4b\u672c\u89ba\u81ea\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u300c\u4e00\u56e0\u7121\u660e\u300d\uff08rgya bdag nyid gcig pa&#8217;i ma rig pa\uff09<a href=\"#_ftn44\" name=\"_ftnref44\">[44]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u8005\u3001\u65bc\u89c0\u5bdf\u5916\u5883\u6cd5\u723e\u6240\u6210\u986f\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8b49\u609f\u5176\u70ba\u7121\u81ea\u6027\u4e4b\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u300c\u4ff1\u751f\u7121\u660e\u300d\uff08lhan skyes kyi ma rig pa\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u8005\u3001\u65bc\u300c\u6709\u300d\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u8b49\u609f\u5176\u70ba\u6cd5\u8eab\u4e4b\u529b\u7528\uff08\u529f\u5fb7\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u58ae\u5165\u80fd\u6240\u4e8c\u908a\uff0c\u904d\u8a08\u300c\u6211\u70ba\u5f7c\u751f\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5f7c\u70ba\u6211\u751f\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u300c\u904d\u8a08\u7121\u660e\u300d\uff08kun btags kyi ma rig pa\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e09\u7121\u660e\u751f\u8d77\u6545\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u80fd\u8a8d\u77e5\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u8a8d\u77e5\u5982\u4f86\u6cd5\u8eab\u529f\u5fb7\u3001\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u8a8d\u77e5\u6cd5\u8eab\u3002\u552f\u96d6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u7121\u660e\u4f9d\u7136\u4ee5\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u70ba\u57fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8005\u6046\u4e0d\u76f8\u96e2\uff08\u8b58\u5883\u8207\u667a\u5883\u7121\u7570\u96e2\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u4f9d\u7531\u679c\u7acb\u56e0\u76f8\u4f9d\u7406\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u7121\u660e\u70ba\u300c\u76f8\u4f9d\u6709\u300d\u3002\u4ee5\u5176\u6709\u6545\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8aaa\u70ba\u7de3\u751f\u4ed6\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u8aaa\u70ba\u300c\u7121\u660e\u7de3\u884c\u300d\uff08\u7de3\u7121\u660e\u800c\u6709\u884c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u537b\u9808\u77e5\uff0c\u7121\u660e\u5be6\u4f9d\u884c\u800c\u751f\u8d77\uff0c\u6545\u6728\u77f3\u96d6\u672a\u8b49\u667a\u4ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u4e4b\u70ba\u7121\u660e\uff0c\u6b64\u4ea6\u5373\u6b63\u7531\u65bc\u884c\u4e4b\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u59cb\u80fd\u8aaa\u7121\u660e\u751f\u8d77\uff0c\u5018\u7121\u4e16\u9593\u985b\u5012\u884c\uff0c\u7109\u53ef\u8aaa\u5176\u70ba\u7121\u660e\uff0c\u6545\u7531\u4f5c\u7528\u7406\uff0c\u8aaa\u7121\u660e\u8207\u884c\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u70ba\u56e0\uff0c\u6545\u7121\u81ea\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5373\u5341\u4e8c\u6709\u652f\u4e4b\u9806\u9006\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u6b64\u89c0\u5bdf\u5373\u4f9d\u65bc\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u6559\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u8aaa\u884c\u652f\u3002\u5927\u4e2d\u89c0\u4ee5\u300c\u884c\u300d\u5373\u662f\u6210\u7acb\u8f2a\u5efb\u4e4b\u56db\u7de3\uff0c\u6b64\u5373 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u7de3\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u4e0d\u80fd\u8b49\u609f\u7121\u81ea\u6027\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\u4e4b\u4ff1\u751f\u7121\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u8005\uff0c\u6240\u7de3\u7de3\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u667a\u5883\u4e94\u667a\u5149\u83ef\u5916\u986f\u73fe\u800c\u70ba\u8b58\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u8005\uff0c\u589e\u4e0a\u7de3\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u5c0d\u5982\u4f86\u529f\u5fb7\u8d77\u5c0b\u4f3a\uff08\u5c0d\u5927\u60b2\u4e4b\u529b\u7528\u8d77\u5c0b\u4f3a\uff0c\u5982\u8aaa\u70ba\u6709\u70ba\u7121\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u662f\u5373\u904d\u8a08\u7121\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u8005\uff0c\u7b49\u7121\u9593\u7de3\u3002\u65bc\u5c0b\u4f3a\u8d77\u6642\uff0c\u7121\u9593\u800c\u58ae\u5165\u80fd\u6240\u4e8c\u908a\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u9042\u6210\u7570\u719f\u7fd2\u6c23\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u5373\u77e5\u7121\u660e\u8207\u884c\u4e8c\u652f\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u884c\u4ee5\u7121\u660e\u70ba\u7de3\u800c\u6210\u56e0\u7de3\u53ca\u589e\u4e0a\u7de3\uff1b\u7121\u660e\u5247\u4ee5\u884c\u70ba\u7de3\u800c\u6210\u6240\u7de3\u7de3\u8207\u7b49\u7121\u9593\u7de3\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u76f8\u4e92\u70ba\u56e0\u4e4b\u89c0\u4fee\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u4f9d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7fa9\uff0c\u6b64\u89c0\u4fee\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u6210\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8aaa\u5176\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6545\u77e5\u8b02\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u8207\u7de3\u8d77\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u5be6\u70ba\u96e2\u89c0\u4fee\u4e4b\u6d6e\u8a5e\uff0c\u6291\u4e14\u66f4\u591a\u4f9d\u8a00\u53d6\u7fa9\u7684\u66f2\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56db\u3000\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u8207\u7a7a\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u8207\u7a7a\u6027\uff0c\u5b78\u4eba\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u4e00\u8005\u8996\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u9055\u53cd\u7a7a\u6027\uff0c\u6545\u8aaa\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u771f\u5e38\u300d\uff1b\u4e00\u8005\u8996\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u552f\u6709\u7a7a\u6027\uff0c\u6545\u8996\u4e4b\u70ba\u65b7\u6ec5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u5be6\u6b64\u4e8c\u7a2e\u504f\u5dee\u7686\u7531\u300c\u552f\u7a7a\u898b\u300d\u800c\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u5225\u53ea\u5728\u65bc\u5426\u5b9a\u6216\u8a8d\u8a31\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6301\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u552f\u7a7a\u8005\uff0c\u65bc\u8a8d\u8a31\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u6642\uff0c\u5373\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u4ea6\u552f\u7a7a\u6027\uff0c\u6545\u5be6\u7834\u58de\u6cd5\u8eab\u529f\u5fb7\u800c\u6210\u65b7\u6ec5\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u6301\u5426\u5b9a\u614b\u5ea6\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u5be6\u5efa\u7acb\u672c\u9ad4\u70ba\u5be6\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6046\u5e38\uff0c\u6545\u5e36\u6709\u795e\u6211\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u662f\u5916\u9053\u898b\u3002\u4ee5\u5177\u6b64\u4e8c\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u65bc\u6b64\u4e00\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u8207\u7a7a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u300c\u7a7a\u6027\u300d\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5b\u5bb6\u8af8\u5b97\u7121\u4e0d\u627f\u8a31\u300c\u7121\u81ea\u6027\u7a7a\u300d\u3002\u7136\u5247\u5982\u4f55\u300c\u7121\u81ea\u6027\u300d\uff1f\u5982\u4eca\u901a\u9014\u7686\u4ee5\u70ba\u300c\u7de3\u751f\u300d\u662f\u6545\u300c\u7121\u81ea\u6027\u300d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6b64\u537b\u53ea\u662f\u7c60\u7d71\u4e4b\u898b\uff0c\u9f8d\u6a39\u8207\u745c\u4f3d\u884c\u6d3e\u7686\u975e\u5982\u662f\u8aaa\u3002\u4eca\u4f46\u8aaa\u9f8d\u6a39\u7684\u7a7a\u8207\u4e2d\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9f8d\u6a39\u65bc\u300a\u6cd5\u754c\u8b9a\u300b\u4e4b\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u540c\u65bc\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u3002\u6cd5\u8eab\u8207\u7169\u60f1\u7e8f\u4ff1\u5b58\uff0c\u55bb\u5982\u74f6\u4e2d\u9165\u6cb9\u71c8\uff0c\u71c8\u5149\u70ba\u74f6\u6240\u63a9\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u6cd5\u8eab\u4e0d\u898b\u3002\u6709\u980c\u4e91<a href=\"#_ftn45\" name=\"_ftnref45\">[45]<\/a> \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b64\u5982\u74f6\u4e2d\u9165\u6cb9\u71c8\u3000\u5373\u5c11\u5206\u5149\u4ea6\u4e0d\u898b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6cd5\u754c\u7f6e\u65bc\u7169\u60f1\u74f6\u3000\u662f\u4ea6\u9577\u6642\u7121\u6240\u73fe<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn46\" name=\"_ftnref46\">[46]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u82e5\u65bc\u74f6\u58c1\u7834\u4e00\u5b54\u3000\u4f55\u8655\u6709\u5b54\u4f55\u8655\u898b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5149\u83ef\u6070\u7a7f\u6b64\u5b54\u9053\u3000\u6b64\u4e43\u81ea\u6027\u4e4b\u672c\u7136<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn47\" name=\"_ftnref47\">[47]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u5373\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u70ba\u9f8d\u6a39\u53ea\u8aaa\u300c\u7de3\u751f\u6027\u7a7a\u300d\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4ee5\u70ba\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u5373\u662f\u9055\u53cd\u9f8d\u6a39\uff0c\u90a3\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8aa4\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u9f8d\u6a39\u5982\u4f55\u8aaa\u8b49\u7a7a\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e26\u975e\u8b49\u7a7a\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u9664\u53bb\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u7576\u76e1\u9664\u969c\u7919\u6642\uff0c\u898b\u300c\u5fc3\u6027\u6de8\u5149\u660e\u300d\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u53ef\u8aaa\u70ba\u7a7a\u6027\u3002\u980c\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u65e5\u6708\u96d6\u7136\u7121\u7455\u57a2\u3000\u4e94\u91cd\u8ff7\u9727\u80fd\u969c\u5f7c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u96f2\u5982\u9727\u5fa9\u5982\u70df\u3000\u5982\u7f85\u777a\u9762\u4ea6\u5982\u5875<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn48\" name=\"_ftnref48\">[48]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u662f\u6545\u5fc3\u6027\u6de8\u5149\u660e\u3000\u4ea6\u5177\u4e94\u969c\u800c\u70ba\u969c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8caa\u6b32\u6020\u60f0\u8207\u90aa\u898b\u3000\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a2e\u7a2e\u616e\u8207\u7591<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn49\" name=\"_ftnref49\">[49]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u8aaa\u969c\u5fc3\u6027\u6de8\u5149\u660e\u8005\uff0c\u70ba\u8caa\u6b32\u3001\u6020\u60f0\u7b49\u3002\u81f3\u5176\u6de8\u9664\uff0c\u5247\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b64\u5982\u5fc3\u6027\u6de8\u5149\u660e\u3000\u8499\u53d7\u8caa\u7b49\u8af8\u57a2\u67d3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u672c\u89ba\u667a\u706b\u71d2\u7169\u60f1\u3000\u6de8\u5149\u660e\u537b\u975e\u6240\u71d2<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn50\" name=\"_ftnref50\">[50]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u7a2e\u9664\u969c\uff0c\u7570\u9580\u5373\u8aaa\u70ba\u7a7a\uff0c\u980c\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u6545\u65bc\u5c0e\u5e2b\u7d93\u6559\u4e2d\u3000\u7531\u6cd5\u7570\u9580\u8aaa\u7a7a\u6027<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u51e1\u8aaa\u7686\u9664\u7169\u60f1\u9580\u3000\u7121\u4eba\u80fd\u6e1b\u5176\u529b\u7528<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn51\" name=\"_ftnref51\">[51]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u5728\u9f8d\u6a39\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u912d\u91cd\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u7a7a\u6027\u5373\u662f\u5fc3\u6027\u6de8\u5149\u660e\u7684\u6cd5\u7570\u9580\uff0c\u8aaa\u6b64\u7570\u9580\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u9664\u7169\u60f1\u9580\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u7dad\u8b77\u7de3\u8d77\u8207\u7a7a\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e0d\u6599\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8b8a\u6210\u6709\u4eba\u7528\u9f8d\u6a39\u7684\u7de3\u8d77\u8207\u7a7a\u4f86\u5426\u5b9a\u300c\u5fc3\u6027\u6de8\u5149\u660e\u300d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u3002\u90a3\u5c31\u7b49\u5982\u9f8d\u6a39\u7576\u6642\u62ff\u7740\u4e00\u6839\u9ea5\u687f\uff0c\u8981\u5c0d\u4eba\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9ea5\u4e5f\u662f\u7ce7\u98df\uff0c\u5b83\u8ddf\u7a3b\u7c73\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7570\u9580\u3002\u300d\u53ef\u662f\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u537b\u6709\u4eba\u56e0\u70ba\u9f8d\u6a39\u62ff\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u662f\u9ea5\uff0c\u4fbf\u5426\u5b9a\u7a3b\u7c73\u70ba\u7ce7\u98df\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8996\u4e4b\u70ba\u6bd2\u85e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9f8d\u6a39\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u91cd\u8996\u5982\u4f55\u73fe\u8b49\u5fc3\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u6cd5\u8eab\u53ca\u5176\u529f\u5fb7\uff08\u662f\u5373\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa<a href=\"#_ftn52\" name=\"_ftnref52\">[52]<\/a> \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7121\u5e38\u8207\u82e6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a7a\u3000\u662f\u6e05\u6de8\u5fc3\u4e09\u6cd5\u5370<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7136\u65bc\u4fee\u5fc3\u81f3\u7a76\u7adf\u3000\u4f5b\u8aaa\u7121\u5fa9\u6709\u81ea\u6027<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn53\" name=\"_ftnref53\">[53]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u65bc\u4fee\u5fc3\u672a\u7a76\u7adf\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e09\u6cd5\u5370\u4f86\u5370\u5b9a\u6e05\u6de8\u5fc3\u7684\u81ea\u6027\uff0c\u5177\u7121\u5e38\u6027\u3001\u82e6\u6027\u53ca\u7a7a\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u53ca\u81f3\u7a76\u7adf\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u5c1a\u5177\u6b64\u4e09\u7a2e\u81ea\u6027\uff0c\u6b64\u4ea6\u5373\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u6e05\u6de8\u5fc3\u70ba\u7a7a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u9f8d\u6a39\u70ba\u4e86\u63d0\u9632\u5b78\u4eba\u6c38\u9060\u843d\u65bc\u908a\u969b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7121\u5e38\u3001\u82e6\u3001\u7a7a\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5fc3\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5247\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u80fd\u73fe\u8b49\u6cd5\u8eab\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u63a5\u7740\u8aaa \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u662f\u5982\u5b30\u5152\u65bc\u6bcd\u8179\u3000\u5f7c\u96d6\u5728\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u898b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6545\u7576\u7169\u60f1\u8986\u969c\u6642\u3000\u6cd5\u754c\u662f\u4ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u898b<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn54\" name=\"_ftnref54\">[54]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7531\u601d\u65bc\u6211\u53ca\u6211\u6240\u3000\u7531\u601d\u540d\u8a00\u53ca\u5176\u57fa<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5373\u7531\u5927\u7a2e\u548c\u5408\u7b49\u3000\u65bd\u8a2d\u56db\u7a2e\u6232\u8ad6\u7fa9<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn55\" name=\"_ftnref55\">[55]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u8eab\u5728\u5fc3\u6027\u4e2d\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u898b\uff0c\u5982\u5b30\u5152\u4e4b\u5728\u6bcd\u8179\uff0c\u6b64\u6709\u56db\u7a2e\u6232\u8ad6\u6210\u7169\u60f1\u969c\u3002\u6211\u3001\u6211\u6240\u3001\u540d\u8a00\u53ca\u540d\u8a00\u57fa\uff08\u4e8c\u53d6\uff09\u3001\u5927\u7a2e\u548c\u5408\uff08\u7269\u8cea\u73fe\u8c61\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u82e5\u843d\u65bc\u6b64\u56db\u7a2e\u601d\u7dad\u7bc4\u7587\u4f86\u601d\u91cf\u5fc3\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u898b\u6cd5\u8eab\uff08\u4e0d\u80fd\u898b\u5fc3\u6027\u6de8\u5149\u660e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u63a5\u7740\u53c8\u8aaa \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u65bc\u5f7c\u731b\u70c8\u767c\u5fc3\u8005\u3000\u4f5b\u9640\u4e0d\u898b\u5176\u9ad4\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f5b\u667a\u81ea\u6027\u5373\u4f5b\u9640\u3000\u7737\u5c6c\u6046\u5e38\u4e14\u6e05\u6de8<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn56\" name=\"_ftnref56\">[56]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9f8d\u6a39\u6642\u4ee3\u96d6\u7136\u5df2\u6709\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u6559\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u5927\u667a\u5ea6\u8ad6\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u80fd\u61c9\u7528\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u7d50\u96c6\u70ba\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5048\u980c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6240\u5f18\u7684\u6cd5\u9580\u537b\u975e\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u9019\u4e00\u9996\u95dc\u65bc\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7684\u5048\u980c\uff0c\u4fbf\u8aaa\u5f97\u6982\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u6545\u9808\u8a6e\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u5373\u662f\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7684\u6cd5\u8eab\uff08\u4f5b\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u667a\u5883\uff09\u53ef\u540d\u70ba\u52dd\u7fa9\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u3001\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7684\u6cd5\u8eab\u529f\u5fb7\uff08\u73fe\u5206\u3001\u660e\u5206\u7b49\uff1b\u6216\u8aaa\u70ba\u5927\u60b2\u3001\u5341\u529b\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u540d\u4e16\u4fd7\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u89ba\u8005\u5fc3\u6027\uff08\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\uff09\u7684\u4e8c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6545\u65bc\u731b\u70c8\u767c\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3\u7684\u884c\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u80fd\u96e2\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56db\u7a2e\u601d\u7dad\u7bc4\u9650\u4f86\u898b\u4f5b\u9640\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u898b\u4f5b\u9640\u5177\u4efb\u4f55\u9ad4\u6027\u53ef\u8aaa\u70ba\u6709\uff0c\u300c\u4f5b\u667a\u81ea\u6027\u5373\u4f5b\u9640\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u5b78\u8aaa\u4e4b\u6240\u8aaa\u3002\u6cd5\u8eab\u3001\u4f5b\u667a\u3001\u6cd5\u754c\u4e09\u7121\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5468\u904d\u6cd5\u754c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u7737\u5c6c\uff0c\u5f7c\u6046\u5e38\uff08\u751f\u6a5f\u4e0d\u65b7\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6e05\u6de8\uff08\u4ee5\u6cd5\u6027\u70ba\u57fa\u6545\u4e0d\u96e2\u6cd5\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u9f8d\u6a39\u65bc\u300a\u6cd5\u754c\u8b9a\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u7de3\u8d77\u8207\u7a7a\u6027\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u73fe\u7a7a\u96d9\u904b\uff08\u975e\u552f\u7a7a\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9f8d\u6a39\u63a5\u7740\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8b58\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6cd5\uff08\u4f5b\u9640\u7737\u5c6c\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u7528\u7de3\u8d77\u4f86\u8aaa\u5176\u975e\u6709\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u300b\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u5154\u89d2\u725b\u89d2\u55bb\uff0c\u4f86\u8aaa\u300c\u7de3\u751f\u6027\u7a7a\u300d\u7684\u4e2d\u9053\u3002\u6b64\u6709\u56db\u980c \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5154\u982d\u4e0a\u89d2\u70ba\u8b6c\u55bb\u3000\u9664\u5984\u60f3\u5916\u7121\u6240\u6709<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u898b\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u7686\u5982\u662f\u3000\u552f\u5984\u60f3\u800c\u975e\u70ba\u6709<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn57\" name=\"_ftnref57\">[57]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u975e\u7531\u5be6\u6709\u6975\u5fae\u6210\u3000\u662f\u6545\u725b\u89d2\u4ea6\u4e0d\u898b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ee5\u6975\u5fae\u65e2\u7121\u6240\u6709\u3000\u6975\u5fae\u6210\u8005\u7109\u6210\u6709<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn58\" name=\"_ftnref58\">[58]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ee5\u5176\u7531\u7de3\u8d77\u800c\u751f\u3000\u4ee5\u5176\u7531\u7de3\u8d77\u800c\u6ec5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6545\u7121\u4e00\u6cd5\u53ef\u70ba\u6709\u3000\u7ae5\u8499\u5984\u60f3\u7109\u6210\u6709<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn59\" name=\"_ftnref59\">[59]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ee5\u5154\u89d2\u55bb\u725b\u89d2\u55bb\u3000\u6b64\u70ba\u5982\u4f86\u6240\u73fe\u8b49<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u662f\u6545\u65bc\u5f7c\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u3000\u9664\u4e2d\u9053\u5916\u7121\u6240\u6709<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn60\" name=\"_ftnref60\">[60]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5c0d\u6b64\u56db\u980c\uff0c\u9808\u7a0d\u70ba\u8aaa\u5f97\u8a73\u7d30\u4e00\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u8aa4\u89e3\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u7684\u7121\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u81ea\u6027\u7a7a\u3002\u9f8d\u6a39\u537b\u4e0d\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\u300c\u9664\u4e2d\u9053\u5916\u7121\u6240\u6709\u300d\u3002\u6b64\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u4e2d\u9053\u300d\uff0c\u4fbf\u5373\u662f\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u300b\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u975e\u6709\u975e\u975e\u6709\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u300b\u8aaa\u5154\u89d2\u725b\u89d2\u7684\u7d93\u6587\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5154\u89d2\u975e\u662f\u975e\u975e\u662f\uff08na-asty-asty-v\u00adn\u00advittam\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e0d\u61c9\u5206\u5225\u3002\u7531\u662f\u5927\u6167\uff0c\u65bc\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u6e96\u800c\u77e5\u5176\u975e\u6709\u975e\u975e\u6709\uff0c\u65bc\u5f7c\u4e0d\u61c9\u4f5c\u5206\u5225\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5fa9\u6b21\uff0c\u5927\u6167\uff0c\u96e2\u65bc\u6709\u8207\u975e\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u4f5c\u5154\u7121\u89d2\u60f3\u3002\u4ee5\u76f8\u5c0d\u6545\uff0c\u5f7c\u4e0d\u60f3\u5154\u7121\u89d2\u3002\u4ea6\u4e0d\u4f5c\u725b\u6709\u89d2\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u725b\u89d2\uff0c\u81f3\u6975\u5fae\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f97\uff0c\u6545\u7121\u7a76\u7adf\u5be6\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u662f\u5373\u662f\u8056\u667a\u73fe\u8b49\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u96e2\u6709\u8207\u7121\u3002<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn61\" name=\"_ftnref61\">[61]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\u300c\u975e\u6709\u975e\u975e\u6709\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u300c\u7121\u300d\u8207\u300c\u6709\u300d\u3002\u5be6\u70ba\u300c\u975e\u6709\u300d\u53ca\u975e\u300c\u975e\u6709\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u975e\u6709\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8fa8\u8b49\uff0c\u9664\u300c\u975e\u6709\u300d\u5916\uff0c\u5c1a\u9808\u540c\u6642\u5efa\u7acb\u975e\u300c\u975e\u6709\u300d\u3002\u70ba\u4f55\u5982\u662f\uff1f\u4e0b\u4f86\u5373\u6709\u8aaa\u53ca\u3002\u6b64\u8655\u4f46\u8a00\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f9d\u4e8c\u53d6\u800c\u8aaa\u6709\u7121\uff0c\u6b64\u5982\u5154\u89d2\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e8c\u53d6\u5206\u5225\u53ef\u8aaa\u70ba\u975e\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u65bc\u725b\u89d2\u6642\uff0c\u4f9d\u4e8c\u53d6\u5206\u5225\u5247\u53ef\u8aaa\u70ba\u6709\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5169\u8005\u7686\u5c6c\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u82e5\u65bc\u8056\u8005\u73fe\u8b49\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u5982\u662f\uff08\u6b64\u5373\u8b02\u300c\u5be6\u76f8\u300d\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u300c\u73fe\u76f8\u300d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6545\u7d93\u6587\u7e8c\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u723e\u6642\u5927\u6167\u83e9\u85a9\u6469\u8a36\u85a9\u767d\u4e16\u5c0a\u8a00\uff1a\u975e\u5982\u662f\u8036\uff0c\u4e16\u5c0a\u3002\u82e5\u898b\u4e0d\u4f9d\u5206\u5225\u800c\u8d77\u4e4b\u76f8\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6bd4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u751f\u5206\u5225\u800c\u8aaa\ufe5d\u5154\u89d2\ufe5e\u70ba\u7121\u3002<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn62\" name=\"_ftnref62\">[62]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u8655\u501f\u5927\u6167\u4e4b\u554f\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u6f84\u6e05\u300c\u4e2d\u9053\u300d\u70ba\u4f55\u3002\u5927\u6167\u4ee5\u70ba\u8056\u8005\u81ea\u8b49\u5883\u754c\u70ba\u300c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u5206\u5225\u300d\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5373\u4ee5\u70ba\u300c\u8aaa\u5154\u89d2\u70ba\u7121\u300d\u53ef\u4f9d\u7121\u5206\u5225\u800c\u8aaa\u3002\u6b64\u554f\u8aa4\u89e3\u300c\u7121\u5206\u5225\u300d\u5373\u898b\u5be6\u76f8\u3002\u4ee5\u5176\u4ecd\u843d\u65bc\u6709\u7121\u4e8c\u908a\uff0c\u6545\u672a\u89e3\u5be6\u76f8\u8207\u73fe\u76f8\u4e4b\u7fa9\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u7d93\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e16\u5c0a\u8a00\uff1a\u975e\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u6167\u3002\ufe5d\u89d2\ufe5e\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e0d\u751f\u8d77\u5206\u5225\u5373\u6210\u70ba\u7121\u6709\u3002\u4f55\u4ee5\u6545\uff1f\u4ee5\u6709\u89d2\u60f3\u5373\u6709\u5206\u5225\u6545\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f9d\u65bc\u89d2\u60f3\uff0c\u5927\u6167\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5373\u751f\u3002\u7531\u5206\u5225\u8207\u89d2\u60f3\u4e4b\u76f8\u4f9d\uff0c\u5927\u6167\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u5176\u76f8\u4f9d\u800c\u9060\u96e2\u7570\u4e0d\u7570\uff0c\u6545\u8aaa\u5154\u89d2\u70ba\u7121\u6709\uff0c\u975e\u7531\u76f8\u5c0d\ufe5d\u725b\u89d2\ufe5e\u6545\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5927\u6167\uff0c\u82e5\u5206\u5225\u7570\u65bc\u5154\u89d2\ufe5d\u60f3\ufe5e\u8005\uff0c\u5247\u7576\u4e0d\u7531\u89d2\u70ba\u91cf\u800c\u6210\u5206\u5225\uff1b\u82e5\u8aaa\u4e0d\u7570\uff0c\u5247\u5206\u5225\u5be6\u7531\u89d2\u70ba\u91cf\u800c\u6210\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u6790\u6975\u5fae\u800c\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u7121\u89d2\ufe5d\u5be6\u9ad4\ufe5e\u53ef\u5f97\uff0c\u5982\u662f\u89d2\u4e4b\u6982\u5ff5\u5373\u70ba\u975e\u7406\ufe5d\u4e0d\u6b63\u56e0vi\u00e3ama-hetu\ufe5e\uff0c\u6545\u5f7c\u7b49\ufe5d\u725b\u89d2\u8207\u5154\u89d2\ufe5e\u7686\u70ba\u7121\u6709\uff0c\u66f4\u4f55\u9808\u8aaa\ufe5d\u5154\u89d2\ufe5e\u70ba\u7121\u8036\u3002\u662f\u6545\u5927\u6167\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u725b\u800c\u8aaa\u5154\u7121\u89d2\u4e4b\u7406\u4e0d\u6210\uff0c\u65bc\u6b64\u66f4\u4e0d\u61c9\u4f5c\u5206\u5225\u3002<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn63\" name=\"_ftnref63\">[63]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u8a00\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\u300c\u89d2\u60f3\u300d\uff08\u6709\u300c\u89d2\u300d\u6b64\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u725b\u89d2\u8207\u5154\u89d2\u3002\u300c\u89d2\u60f3\u300d\u8207\u5206\u5225\u76f8\u4f9d\uff08\u5982\u7236\u8207\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u843d\u65bc\u76f8\u4f9d\u7de3\u8d77\u800c\u6210\u6709\u7121\u5206\u5225\u3002\u4e16\u9593\u4e00\u5207\u540d\u8a00\u91cf\u6089\u7686\u5982\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u5148\u7531\u5206\u5225\u751f\u8d77\u540d\u8a00\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u540d\u8a00\u4e00\u65e6\u751f\u8d77\uff0c\u4eba\u5373\u57f7\u540d\u8a00\u800c\u4f5c\u5206\u5225\u3002\u6545\u5206\u5225\u5982\u7236\uff0c\u540d\u8a00\u5982\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u540d\u8a00\u7136\u5f8c\u6709\u5206\u5225\u4e4b\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6545\u540d\u8a00\u8207\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u7576\u7531\u5176\u76f8\u4f9d\u800c\u4e0d\u8aaa\u4e8c\u8005\u70ba\u7570\u3001\u70ba\u4e0d\u7570\u3002\u7576\u77e5\u300c\u89d2\u60f3\u300d\u6b64\u540d\u8a00\u70ba\u975e\u7406\u6642\uff0c\u5373\u77e5\u5206\u5225\u4ea6\u70ba\u975e\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u5373\u6240\u7121\u8005\u70ba\u300c\u89d2\u60f3\u300d\u8207\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5154\u89d2\u6216\u725b\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8aaa\u5154\u89d2\u70ba\u300c\u975e\u6709\u300d\uff0c\u4f9d\u73fe\u76f8\u800c\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b64\u843d\u65bc\u89d2\u60f3\u8207\u5206\u5225\uff1b\u540c\u6642\u8aaa\u70ba\u300c\u975e\u975e\u6709\u300d\u8005\u70ba\u5be6\u76f8\uff0c\u96e2\u65bc\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u6545\u5373\u975e\u6b64\u300c\u975e\u6709\u300d\u3002\u7531\u662f\u300c\u975e\u6709\u300d\u8207\u300c\u975e\u975e\u6709\u300d\u96d9\u904b\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u73fe\u76f8\u8207\u5be6\u76f8\u96d9\u904b\uff0c\u662f\u5373\u4e2d\u9053\uff0c\u84cb\u6b64\u4ea6\u5373\u4f5b\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u667a\u5883\uff08\u96e2\u5206\u5225\uff09\u8207\u8b58\u5883\uff08\u5206\u5225\uff09\u4e4b\u96d9\u904b\u3002\u65bc\u6b64\u4e26\u4e0d\u5074\u91cd\u667a\u5883\u6216\u8b58\u5883\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5074\u91cd\u5be6\u76f8\u6216\u73fe\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u982d\u518d\u770b\u9f8d\u6a39\u7684\u8ad6\u980c\uff0c\u5f7c\u4ee5\u57f7\u5154\u89d2\u70ba\u6709\u8005\u662f\u300c\u5984\u60f3\u300d\uff0c\u57f7\u725b\u89d2\u70ba\u6709\u8005\u662f\u300c\u7ae5\u8499\u300d\uff0c\u6545\u7531\u7de3\u8d77\u800c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u7ae5\u8499\u5984\u60f3\u7109\u6210\u6709\u300d\u3002\u6b64\u8655\u4ee5\u300c\u7ae5\u8499\u300d\u8aaa\u4e8c\u53d6\u3001\u4ee5\u300c\u5984\u60f3\u300d\u8aaa\u540d\u8a00\u3002\u7531\u662f\u6210\u7acb\u300c\u975e\u6709\u975e\u975e\u6709\u300d\u7684\u4e2d\u9053\uff0c\u4e14\u8aaa\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u6b64\u70ba\u5982\u4f86\u6240\u73fe\u8b49\u300d\u3002\u7531\u662f\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u9f8d\u6a39\u7d76\u975e\u4ee5\u300c\u7de3\u8d77\u6545\u7a7a\uff0c\u7a7a\u6545\u7de3\u8d77\u300d\u70ba\u4e2d\u9053\u3002\u5370\u9806\u6cd5\u5e2b\u6a19\u699c\u300c\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e2d\u7121\u81ea\u6027\u7684\u7de3\u8d77\u300d\u8207\u300c\u52dd\u7fa9\u4e2d\u7de3\u8d77\u7684\u6027\u7a7a\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u70ba\u5373\u662f\u4e2d\u9053\uff0c\u5be6\u8207\u9f8d\u6a39\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9806\u3002\u9f8d\u6a39\u4f9d\u5be6\u76f8\u8207\u73fe\u76f8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d\u9053\uff0c\u5be6\u76f8\u5df2\u96e2\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u8056\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u667a\u5fc5\u96e2\u8b58\u5883\u6545\uff1b\u5370\u9806\u5247\u52dd\u7fa9\u8207\u4e16\u4fd7\u7686\u843d\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u5be6\u5247\u5168\u70ba\u4e16\u4fd7\uff0c\u4f55\u80fd\u8aaa\u70ba\u4e2d\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u9f8d\u6a39\u6240\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u73fe\u8b49\u4e4b\u4e2d\u9053\uff0c\u5373\u77e5\u7531\u7de3\u8d77\u800c\u8aaa\u7a7a\u6027\uff0c\u50c5\u70ba\u4e16\u4fd7\uff0c\u975e\u662f\u52dd\u7fa9\u3002\u6b64\u4ea6\u5373\u50c5\u4f9d\u8b58\u5883\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\u4e4b\u8ff7\u4e82\u76f8\u800c\u8aaa\u3002\u8b58\u5883\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\u76f8\u672c\u5c6c\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u672c\u975e\u8ff7\u4e82\uff0c\u552f\u4eba\u4e00\u65e6\u843d\u65bc\u4e8c\u53d6\u8207\u540d\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u6210\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u6210\u8ff7\u4e82\u76f8\uff0c\u7de3\u8d77\u5b78\u8aaa\u6240\u5c0d\u6cbb\u8005\u5373\u70ba\u6b64\u8ff7\u4e82\uff0c\u8aaa\u5176\u81ea\u6027\u70ba\u7a7a\uff0c\u5373\u8b02\u8ff7\u4e82\u76f8\u4e0d\u6210\u3001\u5206\u5225\u4e0d\u6210\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u975e\u4ee5\u7a7a\u70ba\u5be6\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u662f\u5373\u77e5\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u5b78\u8aaa\u4e0d\u4f46\u975e\u8207\u9f8d\u6a39\u7684\u6027\u7a7a\u76f8\u9055\uff0c\u6291\u4e14\u53ef\u8aaa\uff0c\u9f8d\u6a39\u6b63\u4ee5\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u70ba\u4e2d\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u300c\u7de3\u751f\u6027\u7a7a\u300d\u6210\u7acb\u6b64\u4e2d\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e94\u3000\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u8207\u4e8c\u8ae6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u5b78\u8aaa\u4e0d\u7acb\u4e8c\u8ae6\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e26\u975e\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u7121\u9808\u5b89\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7121\u9808\u5b89\u7acb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u81ea\u5b97\u5c0d\u300c\u5883\u300d\uff08yul\uff09\u8207\u300c\u6709\u5883\u300d\uff08yul can\uff09\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7bc4\u9650\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u4ed6\u5b97\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8b02\u5883\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5fc3\u8b58\u4e4b\u6240\u7de3\uff0c\u6b64\u4ea6\u5373\u7531\u5fc3\u8b58\u4f5c\u5206\u5225\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff1b\u6240\u8b02\u6709\u5883\uff0c\u5373\u4f9d\u4f55\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u6b64\u5883\uff0c\u5982\u552f\u8b58\u5b97\u6709\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f9d\u65bc\u516b\u8b58\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f9d\u65bc\u963f\u8cf4\u8036\u8b58\u7de3\u542b\u85cf\u65bc\u5176\u5167\u7684\u7a2e\u5b50\uff1b\u4e2d\u89c0\u81ea\u7e8c\u6d3e\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f9d\u65bc\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u7acb\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9808\u4f9d\u73fe\u91cf\u8207\u6bd4\u91cf\u5224\u5225\u6240\u7de3\u5883\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7acb\u91cf\uff0c\u4ea6\u4fbf\u6210\u70ba\u5404\u5b97\u6d3e\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u5883\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u5927\u4e2d\u89c0\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u5c6c\u4ed6\u7a7a\u898b\u8005\u5c1a\u53ef\u5efa\u7acb\u5883\u8207\u6709\u5883\uff0c\u5c6c\u96e2\u908a\u898b\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e86\u7fa9\u898b\u8005\uff0c\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u6709\u5883\u7121\u53ef\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u7e3d\u4e0d\u80fd\u96e2\u958b\u4e94\u860a\u8207\u516b\u8b58\u7b49\uff0c\u6b64\u7b49\u7686\u70ba\u8b58\u5883\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e4b\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e16\u4fd7\u5c1a\u53ef\uff0c\u65b7\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e4b\u4ee5\u8a8d\u8b58\u667a\u5883\uff1b\u5fa9\u6b21\uff0c\u4ee5\u7acb\u91cf\u4ee5\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u50c5\u80fd\u64da\u8b58\u89ba\u4ee5\u7acb\u91cf\uff0c\u6b64\u4ea6\u843d\u65bc\u8b58\u5883\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4ee5\u7bc4\u9650\u667a\u5883\uff0c\u8aaa\u4f55\u8005\u70ba\u73fe\u91cf\u3001\u4f55\u8005\u70ba\u6bd4\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u7531\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u4e2d\u89c0\u5373\u4e3b\u5f35\u53ef\u4e0d\u7acb\u4e8c\u8ae6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u70ba\u96a8\u9806\u4e16\u4fd7\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u70ba\u65b9\u4fbf\u800c\u7acb\u4e8c\u8ae6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65bc\u8aaa\u5927\u4e2d\u89c0\u5b97\u7acb\u4e8c\u8ae6\u4e4b\u5148\uff0c\u53ef\u7d9c\u8ff0\u4ed6\u5b97\u4e4b\u4e8c\u8ae6\u3002\u70ba\u514d\u8acd\u8ad6\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u552f\u4f9d\u897f\u85cf\u683c\u9b6f\u6d3e\u5bf6\u7121\u754f\u81ea\u5728\uff08dKon mchog &#8216;jigs med dbang po\uff09\u4e4b\u300a\u5b97\u7fa9\u5bf6\u9b18\u300b\uff08<em>Grub mtha&#8217;i rnam bzhag rin phreng ba<\/em>\uff09\u800c\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b64\u66f8\u7d20\u4f86\u53d7\u5230\u63a8\u8a31\uff0c\u61c9\u975e\u8acd\u8ad6\u7acb\u8db3\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65bc\u552f\u8b58\u5b97\uff0c\u5f7c\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u77e5\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u985e\uff1a\u4e16\u4fd7\u8ae6\u3001\u52dd\u7fa9\u8ae6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u601d\u64c7\u540d\u8a00\u7684\u7406\u667a\u91cf\u7de3\u5f97\u4e4b\u5883\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u8ae6\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u300c\u865b\u5047\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e16\u4fd7\u8ae6\u300d\u3001\u300c\u540d\u8a00\u8ae6\u300d\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u601d\u64c7\u52dd\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u667a\u91cf\u7de3\u5f97\u4e4b\u5883\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u52dd\u7fa9\u8ae6\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u300c\u7a7a\u6027\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6cd5\u6027\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5713\u6210\u5be6\u300d\u3001\u300c\u52dd\u7fa9\u8ae6\u300d\u3001\u300c\u771f\u969b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u771f\u5982\u300d\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn64\" name=\"_ftnref64\">[64]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e8c\u8ae6\u7684\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u70ba\u4e2d\u89c0\u61c9\u6210\u6d3e\u6240\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u7acb\u91cf\u70ba\u300c\u89c0\u5bdf\u601d\u64c7\u300d\u7684\u300c\u7406\u667a\u91cf\u300d\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u300c\u81ea\u8b49\u73fe\u91cf\u300d\uff08rang rig mngon sum\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u89c0\u61c9\u6210\u6d3e\u4e0d\u627f\u8a31\u5fc3\u8b58\u6709\u81ea\u8b49\u5206\uff08rang rig\uff09\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u8a31\u6709\u81ea\u8b49\u73fe\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65bc\u4e2d\u89c0\u81ea\u7e8c\u6d3e\uff0c\u5f7c\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u77e5\u5206\u6210\u5169\u985e\uff0c\u52dd\u7fa9\u8ae6\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u8ae6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e8c\u986f\uff08gnyis snang\uff09<a href=\"#_ftn65\" name=\"_ftnref65\">[65]<\/a>\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f4\u89c0\u73fe\u91cf\u6240\u901a\u9054\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u52dd\u7fa9\u8ae6\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5e36\u6709\u4e8c\u986f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f4\u89c0\u73fe\u91cf\u6240\u901a\u9054\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u8ae6\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u300c\u74f6\u975e\u771f\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u52dd\u7fa9\u8ae6\uff1b\u300c\u74f6\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u8ae6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u89c0\u61c9\u6210\u6d3e\u4ea6\u4e0d\u627f\u8a31\u6b64\u4e8c\u8ae6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u76f4\u89c0\u73fe\u91cf\u6240\u901a\u9054\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u76f8\u72c0\uff0c\u6216\u5fc3\u8b58\u7684\u884c\u76f8\uff08\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\uff09\uff0c\u61c9\u6210\u6d3e\u4e0d\u8a31\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u6709\u81ea\u76f8\uff08\u81ea\u76f8\u4ea6\u7121\u81ea\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u627f\u8a31\u7531\u81ea\u76f8\u5b89\u7acb\u7684\u4e8c\u8ae6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65bc\u4e2d\u89c0\u61c9\u6210\u6d3e\uff0c\u5f7c\u8a00 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u89c0\u64c7\u540d\u8a00\u4e4b\u91cf\u6240\u91cf\u5f97\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u3001\u800c\u6b64\u300c\u89c0\u64c7\u540d\u8a00\u4e4b\u91cf\u300d\ufe5d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\ufe5e\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u5176\u6240\u91cf\u5f97\u4e4b\u4e8b\u7269\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u89c0\u64c7\u540d\u8a00\u4e4b\u91cf\u300d\uff1b\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u8ae6\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u74f6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u89c0\u64c7\u7a76\u7adf\u4e4b\u91cf\u6240\u91cf\u5f97\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u3001\u800c\u6b64\u300c\u89c0\u64c7\u7a76\u7adf\u4e4b\u91cf\u300d\ufe5d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\ufe5e\u89c0\u5f85\u65bc\u5176\u6240\u91cf\u4e4b\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u80fd\u89c0\u64c7\u7a76\u7adf\u4e4b\u91cf\u300d\uff1b\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u52dd\u7fa9\u8ae6\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u74f6\u7121\u81ea\u9ad4\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u4e2d\u5df2\u4e0d\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u81ea\u8b49\u5206\u8207\u81ea\u76f8\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u89c0\u64c7\u540d\u8a00\u4e4b\u91cf\u300d\uff08tha snyad dpyod byed kyi tshad ma\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u89c0\u64c7\u7a76\u7adf\u4e4b\u91cf\u300d\uff08mthar thug dpyod byed kyi tshad ma\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u5df2\u53ef\u8aaa\u70ba\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u610f\u73fe\u91cf\uff08yid kyi mngon sum\uff09\u3002\u61c9\u6210\u6d3e\u4e0d\u627f\u8a31\u6839\u73fe\u91cf\uff08dbang po&#8217;i mngon sum\uff09\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u51e1\u6839\u8b58\u6240\u8a8d\u77e5\u8005\u552f\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u800c\u610f\u73fe\u91cf\u5247\u53ef\u627f\u8a31\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5b97\u7fa9\u5bf6\u9b18\u300b\u6240\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e4b\u4e8c\u8ae6\uff0c\u5373\u81f3\u6b64\u800c\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u6b8a\u52dd\u6d77\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u5927\u4e2d\u89c0\u5b97\u7684\u4ed6\u7a7a\u6d3e\uff0c\u5176\u4e8c\u8ae6\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e2d\u89c0\u61c9\u6210\u6d3e\u3002\u9019\u5c0d\u61c9\u6210\u6d3e\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u5927\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u61c9\u6210\u6d3e\u8996\u4ed6\u7a7a\u898b\u70ba\u90aa\u8aaa\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u6b32\u6289\u64c7\u300c\u4ed6\u7a7a\u5b97\u300d\uff0c\u61c9\u5148\u4f9d\u6019\u4e3b\u9f8d\u6a39\u4e4b\ufe5d\u516d\ufe5e\u7406\u805a\u8ad6\uff0c\u6289\u64c7\u300c\u7121\u81ea\u6027\u300d\u7fa9\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u4e86\u77e5\u6b64\u7fa9\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e86\u77e5\u300c\u4e16\u4fd7\u81ea\u7a7a\u3001\u52dd\u7fa9\u4ed6\u7a7a\u300d\u4e4b\u7406\u3002\u4ee5\u662f\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u61c9\u5148\u6289\u64c7\u96e2\u6232\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u7fa9\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn66\" name=\"_ftnref66\">[66]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5373\u5982\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\u9f8d\u6a39\u4e4b\u300c\u7de3\u751f\u6027\u7a7a\u300d\u6642\u6240\u8aaa\u7fa9\u7406\u3002\u9f8d\u6a39\u5f37\u8abf\u96e2\u56db\u7a2e\u6232\u8ad6\u4e4b\u73fe\u8b49\uff08\u300c\u4f5b\u667a\u81ea\u6027\u5373\u4f5b\u9640\u3001\u7737\u5c6c\u6046\u5e38\u4e14\u6e05\u6de8\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5373\u52dd\u7fa9\u3001\u9918\u5916\u5373\u70ba\u4e16\u4fd7\u3002\u6545\u4ed6\u7a7a\u6d3e\u7684\u4e8c\u8ae6\uff0c\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u5373\u8aaa\u4e4b\u70ba \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p>\u65e2\u5982\u662f\u4f9d\u6709\u5883\u4e4b\u7121\u5206\u5225\u667a\u4ee5\u8b49\u609f\u96e2\u6232\u8ad6\u52dd\u7fa9\u5df2\uff0c\u65bc\u5be6\u76f8\u8207\u73fe\u76f8\u76f8\u540c\u4e4b\u5883\u8207\u6709\u5883\uff0c\u5373\u540d\u70ba\u52dd\u7fa9\uff1b\u65bc\u5be6\u76f8\u8207\u73fe\u76f8\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u4e4b\u5883\u8207\u6709\u5883\uff0c\u5373\u540d\u70ba\u4e16\u4fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f9d\u540d\u8a00\u91cf\u4f5c\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u5f7c\u300c\u4e16\u4fd7\u300d\u8207\u300c\u52dd\u7fa9\u300d\u5373\u985b\u5012\u8207\u7121\u985b\u5012\u3001\u8ff7\u4e82\u8207\u7121\u8ff7\u4e82\u4e4b\u5dee\u5225\u3002\u662f\u6545\uff0c\u7121\u985b\u5012\u8207\u7121\u8ff7\u4e82\u8005\u5373\u662f\u300c\u52dd\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u9918\u8005\u5247\u5b89\u7acb\u70ba\u300c\u4e16\u4fd7\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u4e8c\u8ae6\u4e0d\u9808\u7acb\u91cf\uff0c\u552f\u4f9d\u300c\u7121\u5206\u5225\u667a\u300d\u6240\u73fe\u8b49\u8005\u70ba\u91cf\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u552f\u8a31\u7121\u5206\u5225\u667a\u70ba\u6709\u5883\uff0c\u662f\u5373\u8d85\u8d8a\u65bc\u61c9\u6210\u6d3e\u4e4b\u300c\u89c0\u64c7\u7a76\u7adf\u4e4b\u91cf\u300d\u3001\u300c\u89c0\u64c7\u540d\u8a00\u4e4b\u91cf\u300d\uff0c\u5f7c\u4e8c\u91cf\u7686\u672a\u96e2\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u6545\u672a\u96e2\u6232\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u898b\u8005\u552f\u662f\u985b\u5012\u3001\u8ff7\u4e82\u4e4b\u73fe\u76f8\uff0c\u8207\u7121\u5206\u5225\u667a\u6240\u898b\u4e4b\u5be6\u76f8\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ea6\u552f\u4f9d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u59cb\u53ef\u7acb\u6b64\u4e8c\u8ae6\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u5373\u7b49\u5982\u4ee5\u4f5b\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u667a\u5883\uff08\u5be6\u76f8\uff09\u70ba\u52dd\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u667a\u5883\u4e2d\u4e4b\u8b58\u5883\u81ea\u986f\u73fe\uff08\u73fe\u76f8\uff09\u70ba\u4e16\u4fd7\u3002\u7686\u7531\u300c\u7121\u5206\u5225\u300d\u800c\u8b49\u609f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u662f\u7acb\u91cf\uff0c\u4ea6\u540c\u5c0a\u8005\u963f\u5e95\u5cfd\uff08At\u00adsa, D\u00adpamkara-srij\u00f1\u0101na\u71c3\u71c8\u5409\u7965\u667a\uff0c982-1054\uff09\u65bc\u300a\u5165\u4e8c\u8ae6\u300b\uff08<em>Satyadvay\u0101-vat\u0101ra<\/em>\uff09\u4e4b\u6240\u8aaa \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u65bc\u5f7c\u7a7a\u6027\u4e2d\u3000\u7d72\u6beb\u7121\u6709\u7570<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7121\u5206\u5225\u800c\u609f\u3000\u540d\u8a00\u8b02\u898b\u7a7a<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn67\" name=\"_ftnref67\">[67]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u53c8\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u73fe\u91cf\u8207\u6bd4\u91cf\u3000\u4f5b\u5f92\u7d0d\u5f7c\u4e8c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u77ed\u8996\u611a\u4eba\u8aaa\u3000\u4ee5\u4e8c\u91cf\u609f\u7a7a<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn68\" name=\"_ftnref68\"><strong>[<\/strong>68]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u5373\u8b02\u552f\u4f4f\u65bc\u7121\u5206\u5225\u4e2d\u59cb\u5f97\u898b\u7a7a\uff0c\u4f9d\u4e8c\u91cf\u5247\u4e0d\u80fd\u898b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4f9d\u300c\u7de3\u751f\u300d\u4e0d\u80fd\u7acb\u91cf\u70ba\u7a7a\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7acb\u91cf\u70ba\u4e16\u4fd7\u986f\u73fe\u3002\u980c\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56e0\u7de3\u6240\u751f\u6545\u3000\u4e16\u4fd7\u986f\u73fe\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u82e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u3000\u6c34\u6708\u7531\u8ab0\u751f<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn69\" name=\"_ftnref69\">[69]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u85cf\u4e4b\u4e2d\u89c0\u61c9\u6210\u6d3e\u96d6\u4e91\u4f9d\u5f9e\u963f\u5e95\u5cfd\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u5b89\u7acb\u4e8c\u8ae6\u4e0a\u5247\u7a76\u7adf\u8207\u963f\u5e95\u5cfd\u6709\u5dee\u5225\u3002\u82e5\u8faf\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u300c\u89c0\u64c7\u7a76\u7adf\u4e4b\u91cf\u300d\u5373\u662f\u7121\u5206\u5225\u667a\uff0c\u7136\u5247\uff0c\u4f55\u4ee5\u53c8\u9808\u53e6\u7acb\u300c\u89c0\u64c7\u540d\u8a00\u4e4b\u91cf\u300d\u4f86\u91cf\u4e16\u4fd7\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u884c\u8005\u65bc\u4fee\u52dd\u89c0\u6642\uff0c\u9808\u5148\u7528\u4e00\u540d\u8a00\u91cf\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u53c8\u518d\u7528\u4e00\u7a76\u7adf\u91cf\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u59cb\u80fd\u8aaa\u5176\u70ba\u4e16\u4fd7\u6216\u52dd\u7fa9\u3002\u82e5\u5982\u662f\uff0c\u884c\u8005\u5373\u9808\u5148\u4f4f\u65bc\u540d\u8a00\u5883\uff08\u8b58\u5883\uff09\u4f5c\u89c0\u64c7\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f4f\u65bc\u7121\u5206\u5225\uff08\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u5883\uff09\u518d\u4f5c\u6289\u64c7\u3002\u6b64\u4e0d\u61c9\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u963f\u5e95\u5cfd\u4e3b\u5f35\u552f\u89c0\u64c7\u4e16\u4fd7\uff0c\u65bc\u89c0\u64c7\u800c\u7121\u6240\u5f97\u6642\u5373\u662f\u52dd\u7fa9\u3002\u5f7c\u6709\u980c\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b64\u4e16\u4fd7\u6240\u986f\u3000\u7406\u89c0\u7121\u6240\u5f97<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u5f97\u5373\u52dd\u7fa9\u3000\u672c\u4f4f\u4e4b\u6cd5\u6027<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn70\" name=\"_ftnref70\">[70]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u61c9\u6210\u6d3e\u8207\u963f\u5e95\u5cfd\u4e4b\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u6b78\u6839\u7a76\u5e95\uff0c\u70ba\u5c0d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u61c9\u6210\u6d3e\u4e0d\u4f9d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u963f\u5e95\u5cfd\u5247\u4f9d\u5f9e\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u963f\u5e95\u5cfd\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4fee\u52dd\u89c0\u6642\uff0c\u4ee5\u56e0\u7de3\u6240\u751f\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u986f\u73fe\uff08\u7de3\u751f\u6709\uff09\u70ba\u5c0d\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u5167\u81ea\u8b49\u7684\u7121\u5206\u5225\u667a\u70ba\u6709\u5883\uff0c\u4f9d\u7406\u89c0\u5bdf\uff08\u6b64\u5982\u7531\u7de3\u8d77\u8d85\u8d8a\u7de3\u8d77\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u662f\u7121\u6240\u5f97\u800c\u5165\u52dd\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u96e3\u8a00\uff1a\u4f9d\u7406\u89c0\u5bdf\u8c48\u975e\u5206\u5225\uff1f\u7b54\u8a00\uff1a\u975e\u662f\u3002\u6b64\u5982\u9f8d\u6a39\u65bc\u300a\u6cd5\u754c\u8b9a\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u980c\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u662f\u6545\u55bb\u6b64\u5668\u4e16\u9593\u3000\u6070\u5982\u82ad\u8549\u7a7a\u7121\u5be6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7136\u800c\u5176\u679c\u537b\u6709\u5be6\u3000\u98df\u6642\u53e3\u820c\u80fd\u89f8\u53ca<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn71\" name=\"_ftnref71\">[71]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u738b\u6301\u660e\u6587\u6b8a\u5e2b\u5229\u53cb\uff08Ma\u2013ju\u00b1r\u00adk\u00adrti\uff09\u6709\u4e00\u980c\u8207\u6b64\u980c\u582a\u76f8\u4e92\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u980c\u4e91 \u2500\u2500<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u89c0\u5bdf\u8af8\u860a\u4e4b\u7a7a\u6027\u3000\u7336\u5982\u82ad\u8549\u7121\u6709\u5be6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7a7a\u6027\u5177\u8db3\u52dd\u529f\u5fb7\u3000\u6b64\u975e\u5982\u5f7c\u7a7a\u7121\u7269<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn72\" name=\"_ftnref72\">[72]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u662f\u5373\u77e5\u884c\u8005\u552f\u89c0\u5bdf\u7de3\u751f\u4e4b\u4e16\u4fd7\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u7121\u5206\u5225\u800c\u4f5c\u5982\u7406\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u5247\u4e16\u4fd7\u8207\u52dd\u7fa9\u540c\u6642\u53ef\u5f97\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u5982\u7406\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u524d\u5f15\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u300b\u91cb\u8fe6\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u96e2\u300c\u89d2\u60f3\u300d\u5373\u96e2\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u5373\u53ef\u4f4f\u7121\u5206\u5225\u800c\u89c0\u5bdf\u725b\u89d2\u5154\u89d2\uff0c\u65bc\u52dd\u7fa9\u8207\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e4b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u8b49\u5165\u4e2d\u9053\u3002\u5018\u4e16\u4fd7\u8207\u52dd\u7fa9\u5206\u5225\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u96d9\u904b\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u65bc\u56db\u91cd\u7de3\u8d77\u4e4b\u89c0\u4fee\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u89c0\u64c7\u300c\u696d\u56e0\u6709\u300d\uff08\u4f9d\u696d\u56e0\u7de3\u8d77\u800c\u6210\u6709\uff0c\u6b64\u5982\u8aaa\u300c\u56e0\u7de3\u548c\u5408\u300d\u800c\u6210\u6709\uff09\uff0c\u4f9d\u5c0d\u5883\u5982\u5be6\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5fc3\u8b58\u70ba\u6709\u5883\uff0c\u884c\u8005\u5373\u53ef\u7121\u5206\u5225\u800c\u609f\u5165\u5fc3\u8b58\u8207\u5916\u5883\u76f8\u4f9d<a href=\"#_ftn73\" name=\"_ftnref73\">[73]<\/a>\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u6210\u7acb\u6240\u7de3\u5883\u70ba\u300c\u76f8\u4f9d\u6709\u300d\uff08\u300c\u4e16\u4fd7\u986f\u73fe\u6210\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u540c\u6642\u8b49\u609f\u5c0d\u5883\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f9d\u696d\u56e0\u7de3\u8d77\u800c\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u662f\u5373\u540c\u6642\u8b49\u300c\u696d\u56e0\u6709\u300d\u70ba\u7a7a\u6027\uff08\u300c\u7121\u5206\u5225\u800c\u609f\uff0c\u540d\u8a00\u8b02\u898b\u7a7a\u300d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u5373\u77e5\u52dd\u7fa9\u8207\u4e16\u4fd7\u975e\u5206\u5225\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u59cb\u6210\u96d9\u904b\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\uff0c\u884c\u8005\u6240\u8b49\u5373\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u696d\u56e0\u6709\u300d\u70ba\u7a7a\uff0c\u300c\u76f8\u4f9d\u6709\u300d\u6210\u986f\u73fe\u4e4b\u96d9\u904b\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e86\u7fa9\u5927\u4e2d\u89c0\u4e4b\u4e8c\u8ae6\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u8f03\u4ed6\u7a7a\u5927\u4e2d\u89c0\u66f4\u70ba\u6df1\u5bc6\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u4e0d\u8d05\uff0c\u898b\u9918\u8655\u53ef\u77e5\u3002\u7136\u7531\u4ed6\u7a7a\u5927\u4e2d\u89c0\u4e4b\u65bd\u8a2d\u4e8c\u8ae6\uff0c\u7576\u5df2\u77e5\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u5b78\u8005\u5be6\u4f9d\u89c0\u4fee\u800c\u8aaa\uff0c\u975e\u70ba\u67b6\u7a7a\u800c\u8ac7\u4e4b\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u6545\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f9d\u6587\u5b57\u8a9e\u8a00\u8b02\u5176\u70ba\u9055\u53cd\u4f5b\u8aaa\u3002\u5982\u4ed6\u7a7a\u4e4b\u4e8c\u8ae6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u8ff7\u4e82\u985b\u5012\u8207\u5426\u800c\u5b89\u7acb\uff0c\u672a\u65bd\u8a2d\u7a7a\u6709\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u537b\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5f97\u8b02\u5176\u5426\u5b9a\u7a7a\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5f97\u8b02\u5176\u4e0d\u4f9d\u7de3\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u4f86\u8ac7\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u4e43\u91dd\u5c0d\u4eca\u6642\u5c0d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u4e4b\u8aa4\u89e3\u800c\u4f5c\u3002\u4eca\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u4f5b\u5b78\uff0c\u552f\u5c0d\u7de3\u8d77\u8207\u7a7a\u6027\u52a0\u4ee5\u8b9a\u5606\u3001\u6216\u552f\u73cd\u91cd\u7384\u5958\u4e09\u85cf\u50b3\u5165\u4e4b\u552f\u8b58\u4eca\u5b78\uff0c\u672a\u901a\u76e4\u7406\u89e3\u4f5b\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6545\u5373\u6210\u4e00\u504f\u4e4b\u898b\u3002\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u8b58\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u6559\u6cd5\uff0c\u5247\u5c0d\u300c\u7de3\u751f\u6027\u7a7a\u300d\u53ca\u552f\u8b58\u4eca\u5b78\u4ea6\u53ea\u80fd\u7247\u9762\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u7531\u662f\u5c0d\u5f7c\u4e4b\u6240\u5b97\u4ea6\u6709\u640d\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u4e2d\u89c0\u7acb\u300c\u73fe\u7a7a\u300d\u800c\u4e0d\u552f\u8aaa\u7a7a\u6027\uff0c\u6b64\u300c\u73fe\u7a7a\u300d\u4e4b\u300c\u73fe\u300d\u5df2\u7531\u7de3\u8d77\u65bd\u8a2d\uff1b\u6b64\u300c\u73fe\u7a7a\u300d\u4e4b\u300c\u7a7a\u300d\u4ea6\u7531\u6289\u64c7\u7de3\u8d77\u800c\u8b49\uff0c\u662f\u77e5\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u6b63\u7531\u7de3\u8d77\u8207\u7a7a\u6027\u96d9\u904b\u800c\u65bd\u8a2d\uff0c\u6b64\u59cb\u70ba\u5408\u7406\u4e4b\u89c0\u4fee\u5883\u8207\u6709\u5883\u3002\u82e5\u5206\u88c2\u73fe\u7a7a\u800c\u552f\u6301\u7a7a\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u9055\u80cc\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u6b64\u969b\u96d6\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u6211\u4e4b\u7a7a\u7531\u7de3\u8d77\u800c\u7a7a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u73fe\u7a7a\u5df2\u4e0d\u6210\u96d9\u904b\uff0c\u84cb\u7576\u4e00\u5efa\u7acb\u89c0\u64c7\u5883\u6642\uff0c\u5df2\u5373\u5c07\u6b64\u5883\u8aaa\u70ba\u300c\u7de3\u8d77\u6545\u7a7a\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u5247\u5c1a\u7109\u80fd\u73fe\u7a7a\u96d9\u904b\u8036\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u8aaa\u73fe\u7a7a\uff0c\u5247\u6cd5\u8eab\u5883\u754c\u5c07\u6210\u4e00\u6b7b\u5bc2\u5883\uff0c\u6b63\u7531\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u91cb\u8fe6\u7576\u65e5\u59cb\u6c88\u75db\u800c\u8a00\uff1a\u5be7\u898b\u6301\u6211\u898b\u8005\u5927\u5982\u9808\u5f4c\u5c71\uff0c\u4e0d\u9858\u898b\u552f\u7a7a\u8005\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u4ee5\u552f\u7a7a\u8005\u5176\u5be6\u5426\u5b9a\u7de3\u8d77\uff0c\u5f7c\u4e0d\u904e\u501f\u300c\u7de3\u8d77\u300d\u4e4b\u540d\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u5df1\u4e4b\u552f\u7a7a\u5df2\uff0c\u65bc\u552f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7121\u4e00\u7de3\u8d77\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u7acb\uff0c\u56e0\u5047\u7acb\u4e4b\u540c\u6642\u5df2\u88ab\u8aaa\u4e4b\u70ba\u7a7a\uff0c\u6545\u6cd5\u8eab\u529f\u5fb7\u5be6\u5df2\u88ab\u906e\u64a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u552f\u8b58\u4ea6\u5982\u662f\u3002\u5b78\u552f\u8b58\u4eca\u5b78\u800c\u5426\u5b9a\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u4ea6\u5982\u5426\u5b9a\u8f49\u4f9d\u3002\u975e\u6ec5\u76e1\u516b\u8b58\u800c\u65b0\u5f97\u4e00\u300c\u5713\u6210\u5be6\u6027\u300d\u5373\u70ba\u8f49\u4f9d\uff0c\u8f49\u4f9d\u8005\uff0c\u6b63\u4ee5\u516b\u8b58\u4e0d\u9808\u6ec5\uff0c\u4f46\u884c\u8005\u4e4b\u6709\u5883\u5df2\u8d77\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u59cb\u80fd\u540d\u4e4b\u70ba\u8f49\u4f9d\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u8a31\u6b64\u8f49\u4f9d\u70ba\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8a31\u667a\u8207\u8b58\u96d9\u904b\uff0c\u5247\u9664\u975e\u8b02\u7a81\u7136\u80fd\u751f\u8d77\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u667a\u9ad4\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u516b\u8b58\u6046\u6642\u652f\u914d\u884c\u8005\u4e4b\u6709\u5883\uff0c\u6b64\u516b\u8b58\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u6210\u8f49\u8b8a\u5f97\u4f9d\u65bc\u667a\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6545\u77e5\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u7a7a\u6027\u8207\u552f\u8b58\u4e4b\u4fee\u5b78\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u671b\u80fd\u89f8\u767c\u8b80\u8005\u4e4b\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u4e2d\u570b\u4f5b\u6559\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7de8\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u4e2d\u570b\u4f5b\u6559\u6587\u5316\uff0c1998\uff09\uff0c\u98017\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u5442\u6f82\u3008\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u8b1b\u8a18\u3009\uff0c\u6536\u300a\u5442\u6f82\u4f5b\u5b78\u8ad6\u8457\u9078\u96c6\u300b\u5377\u4e8c\uff08\u5c71\u6771\uff1a\u9f4a\u9b6f\u66f8\u793e\uff09\uff0c\u9801126\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u5370\u9806\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4f5b\u6559\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u6b63\u805e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff09\uff0c\u9801273\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u5370\u9806\u300a\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u6b63\u805e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992\u5e74\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u9801270\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u5370\u9806\u300a\u4e2d\u89c0\u8ad6\u980c\u8b1b\u8a18\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u6b63\u805e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\u5e74\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u9801474 \u2013 475\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u300a\u73fe\u8c61\u8207\u7269\u81ea\u8eab\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5b78\u751f\u66f8\u5c40\uff0c1975\uff09\uff0c\u9801377 &#8211; 378\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u6709\u95dc\u7531\u88b4\u8c37\u61b2\u662d\u8207\u677e\u672c\u53f2\u6717\u767c\u8d77\u6279\u5224\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u300c\u6279\u5224\u4f5b\u6559\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u6301\u7684\u6279\u5224\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u53c3Jamie Hubbard &amp; Paul L. Swanson, eds., <em>Pruning the Bodhi Tree<\/em>: <em>The Storm Over Critical Buddhism<\/em> (Honolulu: Univeresity of Hawai\u2018i Press, 1997) \u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u53c3\u62d9\u300a\u56db\u91cd\u7de3\u8d77\u6df1\u822c\u82e5\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5168\u4f5b\u6587\u5316\uff0c2005\u5e74\u589e\u8a02\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u4f9d\u62d9\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u68b5\u672c\u65b0\u8b6f\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5168\u4f5b\u6587\u5316\uff0c2005\uff09\u3002\u5f15\u980c\u898b\u980115\uff0c\u5048\u980c\u68b5\u6587\uff1a<em>de\u015ban\u0101nayanirmuktam\u00c8 praty\u0101tmagatigocaram \/ la\u1e45k\u0101vat\u0101ras\u016btra\u1e43 vai p\u016brvabuddh\u0101nuvar\u1e47itam \/\/<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u4f9d\u62d9\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u68b5\u672c\u65b0\u8b6f\u300b\uff0c\u980112\u3002\u5048\u980c\u68b5\u6587\uff1a<em>svapraty\u0101tm\u0101ryaj<\/em>\u00f1<em>\u0101natarkad\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6dit<\/em>\u012b<\/p>\n<p><em>rthya\u015br\u0101vaka-<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;pratyekabuddh\u0101ryavi\u1e63aye tadbh\u0101vito dharmo de\u015bita\u1e25 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u4f9d\u62d9\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u68b5\u672c\u65b0\u8b6f\u300b\uff0c\u980117\uff0c\u980c29\u3002\u6b64\u980c\u68b5\u6587\uff1a<em>tva\u1e43 pra\u1e63\u1e6d\u0101 sarvabuddh\u0101n\u0101\u1e43 praty\u0101tmagatigocaram <\/em>\/ <em>aha\u1e43 hi \u015brot\u0101 yak\u1e63\u0101\u015bca jinaputr\u0101\u015bca sanniha <\/em>\/ <em>adhye\u1e63ay\u0101mi tv\u0101\u1e43 yak\u1e63\u0101 jinaputr\u0101\u015bca pa\u1e47\u1e0dit\u0101\u1e25 <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u4f9d\u62d9\u8b6f\uff0c\u898b\u300a\u56db\u91cd\u7de3\u8d77\u6df1\u822c\u82e5\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u9644\u9304\uff0c\u9801440\uff0c\u980c46\u3002\u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>sems nyid rnam pa gnyis su mtho<\/em>\/<em> ji ltar &#8216;jig rten &#8216;jig rten &#8216;das<\/em>\/<em> bdag tu &#8216;dzin las &#8216;khor ba ste<\/em>\/<em> so sor rig na de nyid do<\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9801442\uff0c\u980c63\u3002\u85cf\u6587\uff1a <em>de bzhin nyon mongs kyis g.yogs nas<\/em>\/<em> yes shes lus &#8216;dir gcig gnas kyang <\/em>\/<em> rnal &#8216;byor pa yis yes shes len<\/em>\/<em> mi shes pa ni &#8216;dor bar byed <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u4f9d\u62d9\u8b6f\uff0c\u6536\u300a\u56db\u91cd\u7de3\u8d77\u6df1\u822c\u82e5\u300b\uff0c\u9801435\uff0c\u980c1\u82072\u3002\u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>gang zhig kun tu ma shes pa<\/em> \/ <em>srid pa gsum du rnam &#8216;khor ba <\/em>\/ <em>sems can kun la nges gnas pa&#8217;i<\/em> \/ <em>chos kyi dbyings la phyag &#8216;tshal lo<\/em>\/\/ <em>gang zhig &#8216;khor ba&#8217;i rgyur gyur pa <\/em>\/<em> de nyid sbyang ba byas pa las<\/em> \/ <em>dag pa de nyid myang na &#8216;das <\/em>\/ <em>chos kyi sku yang de nyid do <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u4eca\u6642\u6709\u552f\u8b58\u4eca\u5b78\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u65bc\u591a\u502b\u591a\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u8b02\u4f5b\u8b49\u6839\u672c\u667a\u5f8c\uff0c\u9808\u7d93\u300c\u6df1\u5165\u300d\u59cb\u80fd\u8b49\u5f8c\u5f97\u667a\u3002\u6b64\u8aaa\u9055\u53cd\u7d93\u6559\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u6301\u53cd\u5c0d\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u8a31\u6839\u672c\u8207\u5f8c\u5f97\u4e8c\u667a\u540c\u6642\u8b49\u5f97\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5373\u975e\u300c\u552f\u8b58\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>\u300a\u89e3\u6df1\u5bc6\u7d93\u300b\u4e94\u5377\uff0c\u7384\u5958\u8b6f\u3002\u5927\u6b63\u2027\u5341\u516d\uff0c\u9801692\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a>\u300c\u751f\u6a5f\u300d\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u68b5\u6587\u70baj\u00advita\uff0c\u53e4\u6f22\u8b6f\u4f5b\u5178\u4e00\u822c\u8b6f\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u8eab\u547d\u300d\u3001\u300c\u547d\u300d\u6216\u300c\u58fd\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u4f9d\u62d9\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u68b5\u672c\u65b0\u8b6f\u300b\uff0c\u9801240\uff0c\u980c78\u3002\u6b64\u980c\u68b5\u6587\uff1a<em>sombh\u0101skarad\u00adp\u0101rcirbh\u016bt\u0101ni ma\u1e47ayastath\u0101 <\/em>\/ <em>nirvikalp\u0101\u1e25 pravartante tath\u0101 buddhasya buddhat\u0101 <\/em>\/\/&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u62d9\u64c7\u300a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5bf6\u71c8\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u5bc6\u4e58\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\uff09\uff0c\u980166\u3002\u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>de phyir snang dang stong pa dag <\/em>\/ <em>so so<\/em><em>\u2019<\/em><em>i char ni shes na yang <\/em>\/ <em>don du nam yang dbye ba med <\/em>\/ <em>de phyir zung<\/em><em> \u2019<\/em><em>jug ces brjod de <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u4f9d\u62d9\u8b6f\uff0c\u980c34\u3002 \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>ji ltar nyi zla skar ma&#8217;i gzugs<\/em> \/<em> dang ba&#8217;i snong gyi chu nang du <\/em>\/<em> gzugs brnyan mthong bar &#8216;gyur ba ltar <\/em>\/<em> mtshan nyid rdzogs pa&#8217;ang de dang &#8216;dra<\/em> \/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u4f9d\u9ce9\u6469\u7f85\u4ec0\u8b6f\u300a\u4e2d\u8ad6\u300b\u3002\u5927\u6b63\u2027\u4e09\u5341\uff0c\u980133\u4e0a\u3002\u6b64\u980c\u68b5\u6587\uff1a<em>sarva\u1e43 ca yujyate tasya \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101 yasya yujyate <\/em>\/ <em>sarva\u1e43 na yujyate tasya \u015b\u016bnya\u1e43 yasya na yujyate <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u4f9d\u9ce9\u6469\u7f85\u4ec0\u8b6f\u3002\u6b64\u980c\u68b5\u6587\uff1a<em>tath\u0101gatao yat svabh\u0101vas tat svabh\u0101vam ida\u1e43 jagat <\/em>\/ <em>tath\u0101gato ni\u1e25svabh\u0101vo ni\u1e25svabh\u0101vam ida\u1e43 jagat <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u898b\u524d\u6587\u300a\u7345\u5b50\u543c\u5ee3\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u300b\uff08<em>bDe gshegs snying po&#8217;i stong thun chen mo seng ge&#8217;i nga ro<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u5f15\u6587\u4f9d\u62d9\u8b6f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u53ef\u53c3\u8003\u300a\u5927\u4e2d\u89c0\u7cfb\u5217\u300b\u6240\u6536\u8af8\u66f8\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5168\u4f5b\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u4f9d\u62d9\u8b6f\uff0c\u980c44\u3002\u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>mthong dang thos dang bsnams pa dang <\/em>\/<em> myangs dang reg par gyur pa dang <\/em>\/<em> chos rnams de ltar rnal &#8216;byor pas <\/em>\/<em> shes nas mtshan nyid rdzogs pa yin <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>sgra dang rna ba la brten nas <\/em>\/<em> rnam par dag pa&#8217;i shes pa gsum <\/em>\/<em> mtshan nyid med pa chos kyi dbyings <\/em>\/ <em>rtog dang bcas pas thos par &#8216;gyur <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>dbang phyug chen bo&#8217;i gnas mchog dang <\/em>\/<em> &#8216;og min nying de rnam mdzes pa <\/em>\/ <em>shes pa gsum po gcig nyid du <\/em>\/<em> &#8216;dres par gyur la bdag smra&#8217;o<\/em> \/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>byis pa&#8217;i nang na kun mkhyen dang <\/em>\/<em> &#8216;phags pa&#8217;i nang na sna tshogs nyid <\/em>\/<em> dbang phyug chen po tshe dpag med <\/em>\/<em> bskal pa tshe yi rgyu gang yin <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>phyi rol sems can mkhas kyi yang <\/em>\/<em> dpag tu med pa&#8217;i bskal par ni <\/em>\/<em> che yang gang gis bsrungs gyur cing <\/em>\/<em> srog chags kun gyi srog gnas pa\u2019i <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>rgyu yang mi zad pa de nyid<\/em> \/<em> gang gis &#8216;bras bu mi zad gang <\/em>\/<em> snang ba med pa&#8217;i bye brag gis <\/em>\/<em> shes rab don du rab tu &#8216;jig <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u4f9d\u6cd5\u5c0a\u8b6f\uff0c\u980c29\u3002\u53ef\u53c3\u62d9\u300a\u4e03\u5341\u7a7a\u6027\u8ad6\u758f\u300b\uff0c\u6536\u300a\u56db\u91cd\u7de3\u8d77\u6df1\u822c\u82e5\u300b\uff0c\u9801202\u3002\u6b64\u980c\u85cf\u8b6f\uff1a<em>mi gnas phan tshun grub phyir dang <\/em>\/ <em>\u2019<\/em><em>chol phyir bdag nyid ma grub phyir <\/em>\/ <em>dngos po med phyir dus gsum ni <\/em>\/ <em>&nbsp;yod pa ma yin rtog pa tsam <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u4f9d\u4e0d\u7a7a\u8b6f\uff0c\u5927\u6b63\u2027\u5341\u516d\uff0c\u9801750\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u898b\u524d\u6587\u300a\u7345\u5b50\u543c\u5ee3\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u300b\u3002\u5f15\u6587\u4f9d\u62d9\u8b6f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u82e5\u7d30\u5206\uff0c\u6b64\u61c9\u8aaa\u70ba\u300c\u89ba\u7a7a\u96d9\u904b\u300d\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u4eca\u4e0d\u7d30\u8aaa\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u4f9d\u7384\u5958\u8b6f\uff0c\u5927\u6b63\u2027\u5341\u516d\uff0c\u9801693\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u4f9d\u83e9\u63d0\u6d41\u652f\u8b6f\uff0c\u5927\u6b63\u2027\u5341\u516d\uff0c\u9801466\u4e2d\u3002\u300a\u5bf6\u6027\u8ad6\u300b\u5f15\u6709\u6b64\u6bb5\u7d93\u6587\u3002\u4eca\u5b58\u300a\u5bf6\u6027\u8ad6\u300b\u68b5\u672c\uff0c\u6240\u5f15\u6b64\u53e5\u7684\u68b5\u6587\u70ba\uff1a<em>tasm\u0101c ch\u0101riputra n\u0101nya\u1e25 sattvadh\u0101tur n\u0101nyo dharmak\u0101ya\u1e25 \/ sattvadh\u0101tur eva dharmak\u0101ya\u1e25 \/ dharmak\u0101ya eva sattvadh\u0101tu\u1e25 <\/em>\u3002\u85cf\u8b6f\u672c\u4f5c\uff1a<em>shva ri\u2019i bu de\u2019i phyir na sems can gyi khams kyang gzhan la<\/em> \/ <em>chos kyi sku yang gzhan pa ni ma yin te <\/em>\/<em> sems can gyi khams nyis chos kyi sku chos kyi sku nyid kyang sems can gyi khams te <\/em>\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a>\u300a\u5bf6\u6027\u8ad6\u300b\u68b5\u672c\u6b64\u53e5\u4f5c\uff1a<em>tath\u0101gatavi\u1e63ayo hi \u015b\u0101riputr\u0101yam arthas tath\u0101gatagocara\u1e25<\/em>\u3002\u85cf\u8b6f\u672c\u4f5c\uff1a<em>shva ri\u2019i bu don \u2019di ni de bzhin gshegs pa\u2019i yul te \/ de bzhin gshegs pa\u2019i spyod yul lo <\/em>\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a>\u300a\u5bf6\u6027\u8ad6\u300b\u68b5\u672c\u6b64\u53e5\u4f5c\uff1a<em>\u015b\u0101riputra param\u0101rtha\u1e25 \/ param\u0101rtha iti \u015b\u0101riputra sattvadh\u0101tor etad adhivacanam \/ sattvadh\u0101tur iti \u015b\u0101riputra tath\u0101gatagarbhasyaitad adhivacanam \/ tath\u0101gatagarbha iti \u015b\u0101riputra dharmk\u0101yasyaitad adhivacanam \/ <\/em>\u85cf\u8b6f\u672c\u4f5c\uff1a<em>shva ri\u2019i bu don dam pa ni dad pas rtogs par bya ba yin no \/ shva ri\u2019i bu don dam pa shes bya ba \u2019din ni sems can gyi khams kyi tshig bla dgas so \/ shva ri\u2019i bu sems can gyi khams \u2019se bye ba \u2019di ni de bzhin gshegs pa\u2019i snying po\u2019i tshig bla dgas so \/\/<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a>\u300a\u5bf6\u6027\u8ad6\u300b\u68b5\u672c\u6b64\u53e5\u4f5c\uff1a<em>tad yath\u0101 \u015b\u0101riputra prad\u00adpa\u1e25 \/ avinirbh\u0101gadharm\u0101 \/ avinirmuktagu\u1e47a\u1e25 \/ yad uta \u0101loko\u1e63\u1e47avar\u1e47at\u0101bhi\u1e25 \/ ma\u1e47ir v\u0101lokavar\u1e47asa\u1e43sth\u0101nai\u1e25 \/ <\/em>\u85cf\u8b6f\u672c\u4f5c\uff1a<em>gang gva\u2019i klung gi bye ma snyed \u2019das pa\u2019i de bzhin gshegs pa\u2019i chos dga dang \/ rnam par dbyer med pa\u2019i chos dang ldan pa ma bral pa\u2019i yin shes kyi yon dan can yin<\/em> \/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u4f9d\u6cd5\u5c0a\u8b6f\uff0c\u980c13\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u53e5\uff0c\u61c9\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u4f46\u4ea6\u975e\u540c\u6642\u300d\u8f03\u4f73\u3002\u85cf\u8b6f\u672c\u4f5c\uff1a<em>pha bu ma yin bu pha min <\/em>\/<em> de gnyis phan tshun med min la<\/em> \/<em> de gnyis cig car yang min ltar <\/em>\/<em> yan lag bcu gnyis de bzhin no <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> \u4f9d\u6cd5\u5c0a\u8b6f\uff0c\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u5b57\u53e5\u70ba\u7b46\u8005\u88dc\u5165\uff0c\u4ffe\u5176\u7fa9\u660e\u986f\u3002\u85cf\u8b6f\uff1a<em>re zhig pha yang bu ma yin la bu yang pha ma yin no<\/em> \/ <em>de gnyis ni phan tshun med par yang med la <\/em>\/ <em>de gnyis cig car yang ma yin no <\/em>\/<em> ji ltar rim pa \u2019dis pha dang bu dag ma grub pa ltar rten cing \u2019brel par \u2019byung ba yan lag bcu gnyis kyang de dang \u2019dra\u2019o <\/em>\/\/ <em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> \u85cf\u8b6f\uff1a<em>ma rig \u2019du byed med mi \u2019byung<\/em> \/<em> de med \u2019bu byed mi \u2019byung bas <\/em>\/<em> de gnyis phan tshun rgyu phyir yang<\/em> \/<em> rang bzhin gyis ni ma grub yin <\/em>\/ \/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> \u53ef\u53c3\u8003Tulku Thondup Rinpoche, <em>The Practice of Dzogchen<\/em> (Ithaca&nbsp;: Snow Lion Publications, 1989)\uff0c\u53ca\u8a31\u932b\u6069\u8b6f\u300a\u4e5d\u4e58\u6b21\u7b2c\u8ad6\u96c6\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u5bc6\u4e58\u4f5b\u5b78\u6703\uff0c1997\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> \u76f8\u5c0d\u300c\u4e00\u56e0\u7121\u660e\u300d\u8005\u70ba\u300c\u4e00\u56e0\u8b49\u609f\u300d\uff0c\u8a73\u898b\u65bc\u84ee\u82b1\u751f\u5927\u58eb\u4e4b\u300a\u53e3\u8a23\u898b\u9b18\u300b\uff08<em>Man ngag lta ba\u2019i phreng ba<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u6709\u6c88\u885e\u69ae\u8b6f\uff0c\u898b\u540c\u8b6f\u300a\u5e7b\u5316\u7db2\u79d8\u5bc6\u85cf\u7e8c\u300b\u9644\u9304\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u5bc6\u4e58\u4f5b\u5b78\u6703\uff0c2001\uff09\uff0c\u9801134-143\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> \u4e0b\u5f15\u516d\u980c\u4f9d\u62d9\u8b6f\uff0c\u898b\u300a\u6cd5\u754c\u8b9a\u300b\u980c5, 6, 18, 19, 21, 22\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>ji ltar mar me bum nang gnas <\/em>\/ <em>cung zhig snang bar mi &#8216;gyur ba<\/em> \/<em> de bzhin nyon mongs bum nang gnas <\/em>\/<em> chos kyi dbyings kyang mi mthong ngo <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>phyogs ni gang dang gang dag nas <\/em>\/<em> bum pa bug gtod gyur pa <\/em>\/ <em>de dang de yi phyogs nyid nas <\/em>\/ <em>&#8216;od kyi rang bzhin &#8216;byung bar &#8216;gyur <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>dri med nyi ma zla ba yang <\/em>\/<em> sprin dang du ba khug rna dang <\/em>\/<em> sgra gcan gdong dang rdul la sogs<\/em> \/<em> sgrib pa lnga yis bsgribs par &#8216;gyur<\/em> \/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>de bzhin &#8216;od gsal ba yi sems <\/em>\/<em> &#8216;dod dang gnod sems le lo dang <\/em>\/ <em>rgod pa dang ni the tshom ste <\/em>\/<em> sgrib pa lnga yis bsgribs par &#8216;gyur <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[50]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>de bzhin &#8216;od gsal ba yi sems <\/em>\/<em> &#8216;dod chags la sogs dri ma can <\/em>\/<em> ye shes me yis dri ma sreg <\/em>\/<em> de nyid &#8216;od gsal ma yin no <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>stong pa nyid ni ston pa&#8217;i mdo <\/em>\/<em> rgyal bas ji snyed gsungs pa gang <\/em>\/<em> de dag kun gyis nyon mongs ldog <\/em>\/<em> khams de nyams par byed ma yin <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\">[52]<\/a> \u4e0b\u5f15\u4f9d\u62d9\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u754c\u8b9a\u300b\u980c26\u201329\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\">[53]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a <em>mi rtag sdug bsdal stong pa zhes <\/em>\/<em> bya ba gsum pos sems sbyong byed <\/em>\/<em> mchog tu sems ni sbyong byed pa&#8217;i <\/em>\/<em> chos ni rang bzhin med pa yin <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" name=\"_ftn54\">[54]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>ji ltar sbum ma&#8217;i lto na bu\/ yod kyang mthong ba ma yin pa <\/em>\/ <em>de bzhin nyon mongs kyis g.yogs pa&#8217;i <\/em>\/<em> chos kyi dbyings kyang mthong ma yin <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" name=\"_ftn55\">[55]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>bdag dang bdag gi rnam rtog dang <\/em>\/<em> ming gi &#8216;du shes rgyu mtshan gyi <\/em>\/ <em>rnam rtog bzhi po &#8216;byung ba yang<\/em> \/<em> &#8216;byung dang &#8216;byung las gyur pas so <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" name=\"_ftn56\">[56]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>sang rgyas rnams kyi smon lam yang<\/em> \/ <em>snang ba med cing ma tshan nyid med <\/em>\/ <em>so sor rang rig sbyor ldan nyid <\/em>\/<em> sangs rgyas rtag pa&#8217;i chos nyid can <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" name=\"_ftn57\">[57]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>ji ltar ri bong mgo bo&#8217;i rwa <\/em>\/<em> btags pa nyid de med pa ltar <\/em>\/<em> de bzhin chos rnams thams cad kyang <\/em>\/ <em>btags pa nyid de yod ma yin <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" name=\"_ftn58\">[58]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>phra rab rdul gyi ngo bo yis<\/em> \/<em> glang gi rwa yang yod ma yin<\/em> \/ <em>ji ltar sngon bzhin phyis de bzhin <\/em>\/ <em>de la ci zhig brtag par bya <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref59\" name=\"_ftn59\">[59]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>brten nas &#8216;byung bar &#8216;gyur ba dang <\/em>\/<em> brten nas &#8216;gag par &#8216;gyur bas na <\/em>\/<em> gcig kyang yod ba ma yin no <\/em>\/ <em>byis pas ji ltar rtogs par bye <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref60\" name=\"_ftn60\">[60]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>ri bong ba lang rwa yi dpes<\/em> \/ <em>ji ltar bde gshegs chos rnams nyid<\/em> \/ <em>dbu ma nyid du sgrub par byed <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref61\" name=\"_ftn61\">[61]<\/a> \u4f9d\u62d9\u300a\u5165\u695e\u4f3d\u7d93\u68b5\u672c\u65b0\u8b6f\u300b\uff0c\u980156 &#8211; 57\u3002\u4eca\u5b58\u68b5\u672c\uff0c\u6b64\u53e5\u70ba\uff1a<em>ye punarmah\u0101mate n\u0101styativiniv\u1e5btt\u0101 n\u0101sti \u015ba\u015ba\u015b\u1e5b\u1e45ga\u1e43 na kalpayanti <\/em>\/ <em>tairanyony\u0101pek\u1e63ahetutv\u0101nn\u0101sti \u015ba\u015bavi\u1e63\u0101\u1e45amiti na kalpayitavyam <\/em>\/ <em>\u0101param\u0101\u1e47upravicay\u0101dvastvanupalabdhabh\u0101v\u0101nmah\u0101mate \u0101ryaj\u2013\u0101nagocaraviniv\u1e5bttamasti go\u015b\u1e5b<\/em><em>\u008c<\/em><em>gamiti na kalpayitavyam <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref62\" name=\"_ftn62\">[62]<\/a> \u68b5\u6587\uff1a<em>atha khalu mah\u0101matirbodhisattvo mah\u0101sattvo bhagavantametadavocatnanu bhagavan vikalpasy\u0101prav\u1e5bttilak\u1e63a\u1e47a\u1e43 d\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6dv\u0101 anumim\u00admahe vikalp\u0101prav\u1e5bttyapek\u1e63a\u1e43 tasya m\u0101stitvam \/<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref63\" name=\"_ftn63\">[63]<\/a> \u68b5\u6587\uff1a<em>bhagav\u0101n\u0101ha na hi mah\u0101mate vikalp\u0101prav\u1e5bttyapek\u1e63a\u1e43 tasya n\u0101stitvam <\/em>\/ <em>tatkasya heto\u1e25 <\/em>\/ <em>vikalpasya tatprav\u1e5bttihetutv\u0101t <\/em>\/ <em>tadvi\u1e63\u0101\u1e47\u0101\u015brayaprav\u1e5btto hi mah\u0101mate vikalpa\u1e25 <\/em>\/ <em>yasm\u0101dvi\u1e63\u0101\u1e47\u0101\u015brayaprav\u1e5btto mah\u0101mate vikalpa\u1e25 \/ tasm\u0101d\u0101\u015brayahetutv\u0101dany\u0101nanyavivarjitatv\u0101nna hi tadapek\u1e63a\u1e43 n\u0101stitva\u1e43 \u015ba\u015bavi\u1e63\u0101\u1e47asya <\/em>\/ <em>yadi punarmah\u0101mate vikalpo<\/em><em>\u2019<\/em><em>nya\u1e25 sy\u0101ccha\u015bavi\u1e63\u0101\u1e47\u0101davi\u1e63\u0101\u1e47ahetuka\u1e25 sy\u0101t <\/em>\/ <em>ath\u0101nanya\u1e25 sy\u0101t <\/em>\/ <em>taddhetukatv\u0101d\u0101param\u0101\u1e47upravicay\u0101nupalabdhervi\u1e63\u0101\u1e47\u0101dananyatv\u0101ttadabh\u0101va\u1e25 sy\u0101t <\/em>\/ <em>tadubhayabh\u0101v\u0101bh\u0101v\u0101tkasyakimapek\u1e63ya n\u0101stitva\u1e43 bhavati <\/em>\/ <em>atha na bhavati mah\u0101mate apek\u1e63ya n\u0101stitva\u1e43 \u015ba\u015bavi\u1e63\u0101\u1e47asya astitvamapek\u1e63ya n\u0101stitva\u1e43 \u015ba\u015bavi\u1e63\u0101\u1e47a\u1e43 na kalpayitavya\u1e43 vi\u1e63amahetutv\u0101nmah\u0101mate n\u0101styastitvam siddhirna bhavati n\u0101styastitvav\u0101din\u0101m <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref64\" name=\"_ftn64\">[64]<\/a> \u4f9d\u9673\u7389\u86df\uff08\u91cb\u5982\u77f3\uff09\u8b6f\u672c\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u6cd5\u723e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\uff09\uff0c\u4e0b\u5f15\u540c\u3002\u8b6f\u4f5c\u8005\u540d\u70ba\u8ca2\u537b\ue031\u7f8e\u6c6a\u6ce2\uff0c\u84cb\u70ba\u97f3\u8b6f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref65\" name=\"_ftn65\">[65]<\/a> \u4e8c\u986f\u5373\u80fd\u6240\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e4b\u5883\u3002\u6b64\u5982\u5fc3\u8b58\u4f9d\u5916\u5883\u800c\u8d77\u7528\u3001\u5916\u5883\u4f9d\u5fc3\u8b58\u800c\u8b8a\u73fe\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4e8c\u986f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref66\" name=\"_ftn66\">[66]<\/a> \u898b\u524d\u6587\u300a\u7345\u5b50\u543c\u958b\u8a31\u4ed6\u7a7a\u300b\uff08<em>gZhan stong khas len seng ge&#8217;i nga ro<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u90b5\u980c\u96c4\u8b6f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref67\" name=\"_ftn67\">[67]<\/a> \u6b64\u4e2d\u6240\u5f15\u300a\u5165\u4e8c\u8ae6\u300b\u56db\u980c\uff0c\u4f9d\u91cb\u5982\u77f3\u8b6f\uff0c\u898b\u300a\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u71c8\u6289\u5fae\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u6cd5\u9f13\u6587\u5316\uff0c1997\uff09\uff0c\u9801247-266\u3002\u91cb\u5982\u77f3\u4e4b\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e43\u4f9d\u85cf\u8b6f\u672c\u3002\u6b64\u53ef\u6bd4\u8f03\u68b5\u672c\u539f\u980c\uff1a<em>\u015b\u016bnyat\u0101y\u0101\u1e43 vibhedastu ki\u2013cinm\u0101tra\u1e43 na vidyate <\/em>\/ <em>nirvikalpatay\u0101 bodhe \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101d\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6dirucyate <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref68\" name=\"_ftn68\">[68]<\/a> \u68b5\u672c\u539f\u980c\uff1a<em>pratyak\u1e63amanum\u0101na\u2013ca taddvaya\u1e43 bauddhasammatam <\/em>\/ <em>ubh\u0101bhy\u0101\u1e43 \u015b\u016bnyat\u0101 gamyetyarv\u0101gd\u1e5b\u1e45mohabh\u0101\u1e63itam <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref69\" name=\"_ftn69\">[69]<\/a> \u68b5\u672c\u539f\u980c\uff1a<em>hetupratyayajanyatv\u0101t sa\u1e43v\u1e5btirbh\u0101savanmat\u0101 <\/em>\/ <em>ayukta\u1e43 \u015bodhitum cet kairjalacandr\u0101divinirmitam<\/em> \/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref70\" name=\"_ftn70\">[70]<\/a> \u68b5\u672c\u539f\u980c\uff1a<em>yath\u0101\u2019ya\u1e43 sa\u1e43v\u1e5bterbh\u0101so yukty\u0101 ki\u2013cinna labhyate <\/em>\/ <em>param\u0101rthastvalabdhatvam \u0101disa\u1e43sthitadharmat\u0101 <\/em>\/\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref71\" name=\"_ftn71\">[71]<\/a> \u85cf\u6587\uff1a<em>chu shing snying po med do zhes <\/em>\/ <em>&#8216;<\/em><em>jig rten na ni dber byed kyang \/ de yi &#8216;bras bu snying po nyid<\/em> \/<em> mngar po bra bar byed pa ltar \/\/<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref72\" name=\"_ftn72\">[72]<\/a> \u4f9d\u300a\u7345\u5b50\u543c\u958b\u8a31\u4ed6\u7a7a\u300b\u6240\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref73\" name=\"_ftn73\">[73]<\/a> \u6b64\u6709\u89c0\u4fee\u5100\u8ecc\u4f5c\u70ba\u89c0\u64c7\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uff08\u539f\u6587\u6536\u300a\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u4e8c\u8ae6\u898b\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u6557\u5c0a\u8005\u8aaa\u5982\u4f86\u85cf\u300b\uff09 \u8ac7\u932b\u6c38 \u524d\u8a00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u300c\u5982&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5139,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[],"post_series":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6068"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6068"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6073,"href":"https:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6068\/revisions\/6073"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6068"},{"taxonomy":"post_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kankanwoo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpost_series&post=6068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}